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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through I lie lull lexl of 1 1 us book on I lie web al|_-.:. :.-.-:: / / books . qooqle . com/| Edited by FRANCIS STORR, M.A., CHIEF MASTER OF MODERN SUBJECTS IN MERCHANT TAYLORS* SCHOOL. Small %vo. THOMSON'S SEASONS : Winter. ' With an Introduction to the Series. By the Rev. J. F. Bright, is. COWPBR'S TASK. By Francis Storr, M.A as. Part I. (Book J.— The Sofa ; Book II.— The Timepiece) gd. Part II. Ek IIL— The Garden ; Book IV.— The Winter Evening) gd. Part III. k V.— The Winter Morning Walk; Book VI.— The Winter Walk at n)gd. SCOTT'S LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL. By J. Surtkks Phillpotts, M.A, Head-Masler of Bedford Grammar School, as. 6d.; or in Four Parts, gd. each. SCOTT'S LADY OF THE LAKE. By R. W. Taylor, M.A., Head-Master of Kelly College, Tavistock., u. . or in Three Parts, gd. each. NOTES TO SCOTT'S WAVERLEY. By H. W. Eve, M.A. is.; Wavbrlby and Notes, as. tid. TWENTY OF BACON'S ESSAY& By Francis Storr, M.A. is. SIMPLE POEMS. By W. E. Mullins, M. A, Assistant-Master at Marlborough College. &l SELECTIONS FROM WORDSWORTH'S POEMS. By PL H. Turner, R A., late Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, u WORDSWORTH'S EXCURSION: The Wanderer. By H. H. Turner, B.A. xx. MILTON'S PARADISE LOST. By Francis Storr, M.A. Book I. gd. Book II. gd. MILTON'S L' ALLEGRO, IL PENSEROSO, AND LYCIDAS. By Edward Storr, M. A., late Scholar of New College, Oxford, is. SELECTIONS FROM THE SPECTATOR. By Osmund Airy, M. A., late Assistant-Master at Wellington College, is. BROWNE'S RELIGIO MEDICI. By W. P. Smith, M.A., Assistant-Master at Winchester College, is. GOLDSMITH'S TRAVELLER AND DESERTED VILLAGE. By C. Sankby, M.A., Assistant-Master atMarlborough College, w. 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Part I., containing Books i and 2 of Euclid, may be had sepa- rately. Limp cloth, if, 6d. Elementary Hydrostatics. &. ) y y [A Key, 6j. Elementary Statics, y. ) Arithmetic, y. 6a. A Key, gs. Book of Enunciations for Hamblin Smith's Geometry, Algebra, Trigono- metry, Statics, and Hydrostatics, is. Elementary Heat. By EL J. GROSS, M.A., FELLOW OP GONVILLB AMD CAIUS COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AND SECRETARY TO THE OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE' SCHOOLS EXAMINATION BOARD. Crown %vo. Algebra. Partn. is. 6a. Kinematics and Kinetics. $s. 6d. By G. RICHARDSON, M.A., ASSISTANT-MASTER AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE, AND LATE FELLOW OF ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. Crown ^vo. Geometrical Conic Sections. 4* 6a. ftftmstons; Eottinm, Gxforfy an* CambriHgr* 2 * - - ■ ■ 6000001 38R THE BEGINNER'S Latin Exercise Book AFFORDING PRACTICE, ORAL AND WRITTEN, ON LATIN ACCIDENCE BY REV. C. SHERWILL DAWE, B.A. LECTURER AND ASSISTANT CHAPLAIN, ST. MARK S COLLEGE, . uUN «rai RIVINGTONS WATERLOO PLACE, LONDON (Dxtoxb xnb QL&mbxxbQt MDCCCLXXX sos . f . /JiL. PREFACE. This Exercise-book is intended to serve as a com- panion to some elementary work on Latin Accidence. Its primary purpose is to give the Beginner something to do as well as to learn — to give him an opportunity of applying such knowledge of Latin Accidence as he has recently acquired, and so of testing its soundness, and of rooting it more deeply in his mind. The Exercises are purposely kept apart from the Acci- dence, that free scope may be left for the Teacher to follow his own views as to the amount of Accidence to be learnt before beginning the Exercises, and the relation to be afterwards maintained between these two parts of the Beginner's course of study. Certain rules and observa- tions have been introduced where necessary for the learner's guidance in doing the Exercises, but it has been assumed that the Teacher will be careful to explain the same before requiring the pupil to learn or apply them. Each Exercise is divided into four Sections. Section A indicates the work to be prepared and written for the next day's lesson; Section B affords easy Exercises for oral practice on the Accidence prepared ; Sections C and < iv Preface. D supply suitable sentences for translation, whether written or oral. Each Exercise has a corresponding Vocabulary, which should be learnt and repeated the day before it is required in translating, so that it may be unnecessary for the pupil while translating to make frequent reference to the Vocabulary. As the writer attaches great importance to Jacotot's maxim, ' Itepe'tez sans cessetf he has directed the pupil in Section A of each Exercise what Vocabularies to learn over again. If this plan is fairly carried out, and if Sections A and B are thoroughly mastered before those marked C and D are attempted, the number of errors in the written Exercises will be much smaller than usual, and much time and trouble will be saved; it is, indeed, for many reasons better to prevent faults by previous preparation than to cure them by subsequent correction. Whilst the main object of this Exercise-book is to help the Beginner to fix the Grammatical forms of Latin words in his memory, and to enable him to appreciate their significance by the translation of easy sentences, such syntactical rules have been gradually introduced, and such explanations of the more difficult but common constructions have been given, as will enable the pupil who has honestly worked through this book to begin the study of some easy Latin author with a fair chance of success. G. S. D. London, September 1880. CONTENTS. Table of Case-Endings, PAGE 1 Gender of Noons ; Rules for Accent, 2 First Declension, . Second Declension, 3 4 First and Second Declensions, 7 Adjectives of Three Terminations, Recapitulatory, Third Declension, . 8 10 11 Recapitulatory, Fourth Declension, . 16 17 Fifth Declension, . 19 Adjectives of Two Terminations, , Adjectives of One Termination, Recapitulatory, Comparison of Adjectives, . Personal Pronouns with Sum, . 20 21 22 23 26 Relative Pronouns with Sum, 27 Possessive Pronouns with Sum, 28 Demonstrative Pronouns, . 29 Recapitulatory, Supplementary Exercises, . Table of Verbs— Active Voice, 30 31 33 vi Contents * PAOE First Conjugatioii — Active Voice, . . . .35 Recapitulatory, .... 39 Second Conjugation — Active Voice, 40 Third Conjugation — Active Voice, 43 Recapitulatory, .... 47 Fourth Conjugation — Active Voice, 48 Oral Exercises — Active Voice, 51 Oral Exercises — Pronouns, 52 Formation of the Passive Voice, . 53 Oral Exercises — Passive Voice, 54 First Conjugation — Passive Voice, 55 Second Conjugation — Passive Voice, 57 Third Conjugation — Passive Voice, 59 Fourth Conjugation — Passive Voice, 61 Recapitulatory, .... 63 Verb Infinite— Participles, 65 Verb Infinite — Gerunds and Gerundives, 66 Deponent Verbs, . 67 Third Conjugation in 10, . 70 Anomalous Verbs, . . 71 Adverbs, .... . 74 The Ablative Absolute, 75 Accusative and Infinitive, . 76 Vocabularies, 78 Index of Latin Words, 87 THE BEGINNER'S LATIN EXERCISE BOOK, • • #* The plan of the book is described in the Pre/ace. DECLENSION OF NOUNS. Nouns in Latin are divided into Five Declensions, according to the different "Ways in which their Cases are formed. The Declension to which a Noun belongs is known by the endibg of the Genitive Singular : — l. ae 3. is 4. us 5. ei Table of Case-Endings. Dec. I. Dec. II. Dec. HI. Dec. iV. Dec. V. Gases. s. p. s. p. s. P. s. : p. s. P. Norn. & ae us,+ er • i • es ust lis es es Voc. & ae e, er • i # es us OS es es Ace, am • as urn OS em es nm - US em es Gen. ae arum • i orum 18 : urn US : uum ei erum Dot. ae is o • is • i • ibus ui : ibus ei ebus Abl. & is 0 : is e : ibus u , ibus e ebus * There are many different endings of the Nominative and Vocative Singular in the Third Declension, t In the above table Neuter endings are omitted. A The Beginner's GENDER OF NOUNS. The Gender in Latin is sometimes determined by the meaning, but generally by the ending. 1. Males, mountains, months, winds, and rivers' are Masc. 2. Females, countries, islands, towns, and trees are Fern. 3. In other Substantives the Gender is known by the ending of the Nominative Singular : — Declension I. Declension II. Declension IV. Declension V. a, Feminine; U8* [ Masculine. er, ) iim, Neuter. us, Masculine. u, Neuter. es, Feminine. Declension III. Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. er, or, os. es, increasing.* o when not ao, go, to. do, go, to. $+ when not 08 or es increasing. 1, o>, n, c, e, t. ar, ur, and often +tw. RULES FOR ACCENT. 1. The Accent in Latin is never on the last syllable. 2. It is always on the last syllable but one (penult), or the last but two (antepenult), 3. If the vowel of the penult is long it takes the accent ; if not, the antepenult does. 4. The quantity of a vowel may often be determined by these two rules — 'a.) A vowel before another vowel is short, as regfo. [b.) A vowel before two consonants is long, as voluptas. i; * That is, having a syllable more in the Genitive than in the Nomi- native ; as pes, pedis, afoot, t us is, in the Third Declension, a sign of either the Neuter or Feminine Gender ; words like corpus, corporis are Neuter ; words like virtus, virtatis are Feminine. Latin Exercise Book. I. FIRST DECLENSION. Note. — Section A shows what has to be learnt and written in preparation for the next lesson ; Section B contains viva voce Exercises ; Sections C and D the sentences to be trans- lated, either orally or in writing. Eule 1. — Transitive Verbs govern the Accusative Case. habet has. laudat praises, habent have. laudant praise. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 1, and how to decline mensa. 2. Write out and learn the endings of mensa. 3. Decline paella, porta, and poeta. 4. Give the different meanings of poeta, rosis, and coronae. B 1. Give orally the English, with the Case and Number, of — mensam. mensas. rosae (gen.), mensae (dat.). mensarum. rosam. mensis (abl.). rosas. rosa. mensa. rosis (abl. ). rosae (dat. ). 2. Read off the English in the same way of — puellae (nom.). spinis (abl.). penna. puellas. spinarum. pennam. poeta. portae (dat.). reginas. aquilarum. portas. reginarum. I. Regina coronam Habet. 2. Puellae rosas habent. 3. Regina puellas laudat. 4. Femina Alias habet. 5. Rosae spinas habent. 6. Regina poetam laudat. 7. Roma portas habet. 8. Poeta reginam laudat. 9. Poeta filias habet. 10. Feminae mensas habent. 11. Aquila pennas habet. 12. Regina aquilani habet. D 1. The queen has a daughter. 2. Queens Have crowns. 3. The girls praise the poet. 4. The women praise the girls. 5. TJie woman has a table. 6. The poet has a pen. 7. The women have daughters. 8. The queen praises the girl. 9. The poet has an eagle. 10. Eagles have feathers. 11. The girls have roses. 12. Roses have thorns. The Beginner's II. SECOND DECLENSION— (us). habet has. laudat praises, amat loves. habent have. laudant praise. amant love. A I. Learn Vocabularies 1 and 2, and how to decline dominus. 2. Write out and learn the endings of dominus. 3. Decline murus and hortus. 4. Give the different meanings of amici, hurtiSy oculo, equi. B 1. Give orally the English, with the Case and Number, of — domini (gen.). dominos. muri (gen.), domine. domino (dat.). murum. dominoram. muros. muro (abl. ). dominis (dat.). murorum. muris (dat.). 2. Read off the English in the same way of — hortos. oculum. serve, hortorum. oculis (abl.). servos, nasum. equorum. filii (nom.). nasi (gen. ). equo (dat. ). filios. 3. Say the plural of — hortum, horti, horto, hortus, amice, amici. Say the singular of — servorum, servos, servis, servi (voc), amicorum. c 1. Hortus muros habet. 2. Dominus servum laudat. 3. Regina amicos habet. 4. Equus nasum et oculos habet. 5. Feminae amicos amant. 6. Dominus servos habet. 7. Aquilae oculos habent. 8. Horti muros et portas habent. 9. Servi et equi dominos habent. 10. Regina filios et nlias amat. 11. Domini servos laudant. 12. Poeta amicum amat. D 1. A lord has slaves and horses. 2. Horses have eyes and a nose. 3. Women love (their) friends. 4. The queen loves (her) sons. 6. The woman praises (her) son. 6. The lord praises (his) horses. 7. Rome has gates and walls. 8. The poet has friends. 9. Women love (their) sons. 10. Girls love (their) friends. 11. Eagles and horses have eyes. 12. Queens praise (their) sons. Latin Exercise Book. 5 III. SECOND DECLENSION— (er). Eule 2. — The Receiver is put in the Dative Case ; as, Regina puellae rosam dat, The queen gives a rose to the girl. dat gives. docet teaches. dant give. docent teach. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 1-3, and how to decline magister. 2. Write out and learn the endings of magister. 3. Decline aper and liber. 4. Give the different meanings of libri, libris, libro, apri. B 1. Give orally the English, with the Case and Number, of — magi8tros. puerorum. aprum. magi8tri (gen.). pueri (nom.). aprorum. magistris (dat ). puero (dat.). apros. magistrorum. pueros. apro (dat.). 2. Read off the English in the same way of — agroe. serve. muri (nom.). aprorum. servorum. oculorum. discipulis (dat.). equis (dat.). nasum. discipuli (gen.). equo (dat.). filios. 3. Say the plural of — ager, agrom, agro, libri, librum, aper, nasi. Say the singular of — librorum, pueros, libris, pueri, agros, ministri. c 1. Begins libros puellis dat. 2. Regina librum puero dat. 3. Magister discipulos docet. 4. Discipuli magistrum amant. 5. Poeta librum amico dat. 6. Dominus servo equum dat. 7. Magistri dis- cipulos laudant. 8. Ministri magistrum habent. 9. Regina agrum poetae dat. 10. Pueri puellis rosas dant. 11. Apri oculos et nasuni nabent. 12. Regina ministro equum dat. D 1. Poets give books to friends. 2. The master loves (his) scholar. 3. The master teaches (his) boys. 4. Masters have servants. 5. The servant loves (his) master. 6. The master teaches (his) son. 7. Girls give roses to boys. 8. The scholars love the master. 9. Rome has walls and gates. 10. The queen loves (her) friends. 11. Boys and girls have eyes. 12. The lord has fields and gardens. The Beginner's IV. SECOND DECLENSION— (um). Rule 3. — The Possessor is put in the Genitive Case. Rule 4. — The Verb " To Be " takes the same Case after it as before. Obs. — When no Nominative occurs in a Latin sentence, a Pronoun is supplied ; thus, amat, (he) loves. laudat, (he) praises. dat, (he) gives. amant, (they) love. laudant, (they) praise. dant, (they) give. habet, (he) has. docet, (he) teaches. est, (he) is. habent, (they) have. docent, (they) teach. sunt, (they) are. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 2-4, and how to decline helium. 2. Write out and learn the endings of bellum. 3. Decline dmum and templum. 4. Give the different meanings of reginae, scuto, templis, agri. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number, Gender, and Case, of — bella. scuta. doni. metallis (abL). bellia (dat.). scutornm. templa. plumbi. bello (abL).' anrL argento (abL). lerro (dat.). belli. auro (abL). beUorum. dona. 2. Say the plural of — regni, bellum, dono, scutum, templi, oppido. Say the singular of — bellorum, regnis, dona, templorom, metallis. c 1. Amici sunt donum Dei. 2. Amicus est scutum vitae. 3. Aurum est metal lum. 4. Oppidum muros habet. 5. Regina est regni gloria. 6. Rosa est horti regina. 7. Pueri argentum habent. 8. Aurum est metallorum regina. 9. Templa Romae portas habent. 10. Ferrum et aurum sunt metalla. 11. Regina poetae aurum dat. 12. Poeta puero argentum dat. 1. Lead is a metal 2. Gold and silver are metals. 3. Life is the gift of God. 4. The poet is the boy's friend. 5. The poet's friend has gold. 6. (He) praises the boy's horse. 7. The queen is the poet's friend. 8. (He) gives gifts to the slave. 9. The books are a '-^d's gift. 10. Roses are the glory of a garden. Latin Exercise Book. V. FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. Eule 5. — The Instrument, or means by which some- thing is done, is put in the Ablative Case ; as, Videt oculis, He sees with his eyes, Obs. — The Present Tense in English has two forms, for which there is only one in Latin ; thus — occidit, (he) hills, is hilling, ecribit, (he) writes, is writing. occidunt, (they) hill, are hilling, scribunt, (they) write, are writing, A 1. Learn Vocabularies 3-5, and Declensions I. and n. 2. Parse librum, rnetallorum, discipvlo, rosas, auri. 3. Write the Ablative (S. and P.) of scutum, film, ager, murus. 4. Give the Vocative of Deus, dominus, filius, Fabius, Brutus. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number, Gender, and Case, of — rosam. servum. aquilas. naso (abl.). portis (dat.). oculos. Bpinarum. libri (gen.), amicorum. aprorum. 2. Say the plural of — corona, filia, domine, fili, doni, filii, magistrum. Say the singular of — apri, libris, templa, equonim, servos, coronis (dat.)- c 1. Brutus aprum hasta occidit. 2. Domini servos gladiis occidunt. 3. Fabius taurum cultro occidit. 4. Magister penna epistolam scribit. 5. Magister pennas discipulis dat. 6. Discipuh pennis scribunt. 7. Pueri et puellae epistolas scribunt. 8. Discipuli librum filio magistri dant. 9. Roma est Italiae gloria et corona. 10. Brute, servus dominum occidit. D 1. The slaves are-killing the wild-boar. 2. The master gives wine to (his) friends. 3. Fabius is-kiiling the bull with a knife. 4. The roses of the garden have thorns. 5. The boy is-writing a letter with the master's pen. 6. The girl is-writing with a friend's pen. 7. The master is-praising the diligence of (his) scholars. filias. fili. filios. filii (nom.). ministrum. belli. scutorum. scuta. taurum. dono (abl.). 8 The Beginner's VI. ADJECTIVES OF THREE TERMINATIONS— (us, a, urn). Eule 6. — Adjectives agree with their Substantives in Gender, Number, and Case. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 4-6, and how to decline bonus. 2. Decline magnus fully. 3. Decline together — -parva filia ; mollis films; latum scutum. 4. Parse longas mensas ; album equum; magnorum oppidorum. B 1. Put the proper form of bonus before the following nouqg, and read thus : bona regina, a good queen : — regina. librornm. portam. servis (dat.). templa. poetam. muri (gen.). donum,. cultros. mensam. scuto (abl.). fern, aquilas. coronae (dat.). metallorum. 2. Read off the English, naming the Number and Case, of — alti muri (nom. ). alborum equorum. magnis equis (dat.). splendidi argenti. acutos gladios. care fili. flavi auri. multos discipulos. bone puer. cararum puellarum. longarum hastarum. splendida metalla. c 1. Anram est flavura metallum. 2. Argentum est album metallum. 3. Oculi puellarum parvi et pulchri sunt. 4 Dominus multos servos habet. 5. Filia mea est bona puella. 6. Filii mei sunt mali pueri. 7. Hortus amici mei longus et latus est. 8. Amicus meus album equum habet 9. Muri oppidi sunt lati et alti. 10. Femina longam mensam habet. 11. Puella albam rosam habet. D 1. The queen's crown is splendid. 2. The gates of the garden are high. 3. The temples of Rome are splendid. 4. The sword is long and sharp. 5. The shields are large and broad. 6. Rome has many temples. 7. My friend has white roses. 8. My gardens have high walls. 9. The master's pen is sharp. 10. The yellow rose has sharp thorns. 11. The poet loves (his) dear daughters. Latin Exercise Book. VII. ADJECTIVES OF THREE TERMINATIONS— (er, a, urn). Ohs. — The Adjective is very often placed after its Sub- stantive. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 5-7, and how to decline tener and niger. 2. Decline sacer and miser fully. 3. Decline together — -jttia pulchra ; niger serous ; sacrum donum. 4. Parse teneras JUias ; nigrum equum ; puerorum aegrorum. B 1. Put the proper form of niger before the following nouns, and read thus : niger equus, a black horse : — equus. sends (dat.). puerum. tauri (nom.). nasi (gen.). feminae (dat.). metalla. oculos. portarum. scutorum. spinam. vini. apros. pennarum. puellas. 2. Read off the English, naming the Number and Case, of — rubri oculi (nom.). pennarum albarum. flavi anri. nigrum taurum. coronam pulchram. rubras rosas. sacra templa. donorum sacrornm. miseri pneri (gen.). pulchram reginam. aegras puellas. oculos teneros. c I. Femina aegram filiam amat. 2. Regina coronam pulchram habet. 3. Servi acutos cultros habent. 4. Aurum et argentum metalla splendida sunt. 5. Oculi puellarum sunt nigri et pulchri. 6. Oculi pulchrae puellae sunt magnL 7. Filia reginae aegra et misera est 8. Puella rosas rubras et pulchras habet. 9. Columbae meae alas albas habent. 10. Servus taurum nigrum acuto gladio occidit. D 1. The scholar has many good books. 2. Red roses are beautiful. 3. The gold of the temple is sacred. 4. My dove has white feathers. 5, The master loves (his) sick scholar. 6. The gifts of the temple are sacred. 7. Doves are beautiful and tender. 8. The number of islands is great. 9. A true friend is the gift of God. 10 The Beginner's VIII. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 1-7.) 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 1-7, Declensions 1. and 11., Rules 1-6. 2. Decline together — ruber equus ; parvus puer ; magnum donum. 3. Give the Vocative (S.) of amicus, JUius, Jilia, Virginius, Deus ; and the Ablative (S. and P.) of ala, liber, taurus, minister, jilia. 4. Parse alis, scutvrum, filias, agros, oculis, doni. B 1. Put the proper form of ruber before the following nouns, and read thus : rubri tauri, red bulls, nom. plur. : — tauri (nom.). nasos. rosas. vini. equi (gen.). oculorum. taurum. portarum. metalla. spinae (nom.). metalli. libros. rosarum. pennas. alarum. equorum. 2. Read off the Latin for — a black horse, white doves (ace), for good boys, with a sharp knife, gold is yellow, of white horses. of a true friend, for a good girl, with diligence, of sacred gifts. black slaves (ace), eagles' feathers. beautiful girls (ace). O dear son ! for my daughters, of many islands, roses are beautiful, the wings of a dove. 1. Hortus amici mei est parvus. 2. Virginius pulchram filiam amat. 3. Roma multa templa splendida habet. 4. Magister epis- tolas penna mea scribit. 5. Feminae filios et filias laudant. 6. Domini et servi aprum occidunt. 7. Aprum hastis occidunt. 8. Magister multos discipulos docet. 9. Libros aegro discipulo dat. 10. Veri amici sunt dona Dei. 11. Magna est ministri diligentia. 12. Re- ginae filia est aegra et misera. 1. The servant has a red nose and black eyes. 2. The scholar's book is the gift of the master. 3. My doves have white wings. 4. The poet's daughter is- writing a long letter. 5. Good boys and good girls love God. 6. The rose is the queen of the garden. 7. The master is-writing with a sharp pen. 8. The master praises the dili- gence of (his) slaves. 9. Gold and silver are splendid metals. regum. coloris. fratrum. rege. colori. milite. fratrig. more. moris. fratri. morum. leonem. patribus (dat.). pavonem. ducum. odoribus (abl.) pavone. floris. Latin Exercise Book. 11 IX. THIRD DECLENSION. Substantives of the Masculine Gender. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 9, the way to decline judex, and the masculine endings of the Third Declension. 2. Write out and learn the endings of judex. 3. Decline rex and mos. 4. Give two examples of each of the masculine endings (Decl. in.). B 1. Give orally the English, with Number and Case, of — militis. militem. comiti. fratribus (dak), odorum. floribus (abl.). 2. Say the plural of — leonem, ducis, flore, patri, regi, odore, duci, comitis. Say the singular of — morum, fratribus (dat.), flores (ace), regum, ducibus (abl.). c 1. Miles leonem occidit. 2. Leo militem occid it. 3. Pavones sunt pulchri. 4. Leones sunt validi. 5. Rosae sunt flores pulchri. 6. Flores varios colores habent. 7. Milites gladium duci dant. 8. Dux acutum gladium habet. 9. Libxos fratribus me is dat 10. Multa dona patri meo dat. 11. Dux penna aquilae scribit. 12. Milites ducem amant. 13. Rex dona militibus dat. 14. Odores florum sunt variL 15. Pavonis alae sunt pulchrae. 16. Regis corona est splendida. D 1. The king has many soldiers. 2. The soldier's spear is sharp and long. 3. The queen has many beautiful flowers. 4. Flowers have various odours. 5. The poet praises my brother. 6. The colours are beautiful. 7. The soldiers have a general. 8. The general's sword is long. 9. The eagle's wings are long and strong. 10. Towns have various customs. 11. The peacock is sacred to Juno. 12. The girl loves (her) companion. 13. The soldier kills a lion.. 12 The Beginner's X. THIRD DECLENSION— (continued). Substantives of the Masculine Gender. Obs. — (1.) The names of Males are masculine whatever the ending. (2.) Is is a feminine ending, but some nouns with this end- ing are masculine (vide Vocabulary 10). timet, (he) fears, terret, (he) terrifies. timent, (they) /ear. torrent, (they) terr\fy. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 9 and 10, and the masculine endings of all the Declensions. 2. Decline pes and homo. 3. Parse obsidis, militum, judice, anseri, lapidibus. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number and Case, of — pedum, pedibus (dat.). anseris. anserem. ansere. homines (voc.). 3. Say the plural of — pede, civem, anseri, lapide, cani, obses, obsidis. Say the singular of — hominum, lapides (nom.), canibus (dat.), pedum. c 1. Ignis equos terret ; equi ignem timent. 2. Leo canem terret ; canis leonem timet. 3. Bonus rex finem vitae non timet. 4. Miles canem rabidum lapide occidit. 5. Deus hominibus benignus est. 6. Puella parvos pedes habet. 7. Canis anserem terret ; anser canem timet. 8. Homo anseres timet ; anseres hominem timent. 9. Sanguis militem non terret. 10. Deus bona dona hominibus dat. 11. Kex multos obsides Caesari dat. D 1. Fire terrifies lions ; lions are-afraid-of fire. 2. Boys frighten geese ; geese are-afraid-of boys. 3. Dogs alarm peacocks ; peacocks are-afraid-of dogs. 4. The men are-killing the mad dog with stones. 5. Men's blood is red. 6. My little brother has small feet 7. The king is kind to the wretched hostages. 8. My father is kind to my brothers. 9. He is-killing the goose with a knife. hominum. finem. sanguinis. finis (gen.). ignem. sangumem. igne. canum. canibus (dat.). obsidi. lapidibus (abl.). obsidis. Latin Exercise Book. 13 XL THIRD DECLENSION— (continued). Substantives of the Feminine Gender. Eule 7. — Nouns not increasing make the Genitive Plural in ium ; thus ovis, nubes, make avium, nubium. Exceptions. — Pater, mater, frater ; canis, apis, juvenis, etc. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 9-11, the way to decline ovis, and the Feminine endings of the Third Declension. 2. Write out and learn the endings of dominus and ovis. 3. Decline apis, turris, and urbs. 4. Give the Genitive Plural of anser, homo, urbs, avis, apis, pater, wipes, mater, virgo, juvenis, wdflos. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number and Case, of — avem. avium. . luce. matrum. avi. apum. nivis. clade. ape. juvenem. morte. vulpi. apes (ace.). juveni. mortem. nivem. 2. Say the plural of — mater, vulpis, avi, virginem, urbe, cani, virginis. Say the singular of — apes (ace.), apum, avium, matribus (dat.), patrum. c 1. Apes flores amant. 2. Aves lucem amant. 3. Virgo matri rosam dat. 4. Mater rosam virgini dat. 5. Canes vulpem terrent. 6. Vulpes canes timet. 7. Multitudo ovium est magna. 8. Oves sunt tiniidae. 9. Hostes mortem timent. 10. Mors hostes terret. 11. Turres urbis sunt altae. 12. Magna est hostium clades. 13. Poeta amicus avium est. 14. Cives regem amant D 1. The maiden loves (her) mother. 2. The citizens fear the enemy. 3. Timid sheep fear dogs. 4. Dogs alarm timid sheep. 5. The snow is white. 6. The light is bright. 7. Borne has many towers. 8. The towers of Rome are high. 9. (There) is a multitude of men. 10. The number of bees is great. 11. The colour of the fox is red. 12. (He) has a kind mother. 13. Death is the end of life. 14. The youth loves (his) mother. 14 The Beginner's XII. THIRD DECLENSION— {continued). Substantives of the Feminine Gender. Obs. — The names of Females are feminine whatever the ending. videt, (he) sees. defendit, (he) defends. vident, (they) see. defendunt, (they) defend. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 11 and 12, and the Feminine end- ings of all the Declensions. 2. Decline imago and soror. 3. Draw up a table of Case-endings in Declensions I. -ill., omitting those of the Neuter Gender. 4. Parse avibus, navium, classem, imagini, legum. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number and Case, of — laudis. navium. urbium. veste. legum. naves. urbibus (dat.). pace, imaginem. laudem. turres. navibus. pacis. legis. sororis. matrum. 2. Read off the English, and name the Gender, of — color. mortem, flores. vulpis. leonis. - mat re. urbi. pavonis. c 1. Mater Deo laudem dat. 2. Leges civitatis justae sunt. 3. Cives pacem amant. 4. Naves classis sunt altae. 5. Nautae naves de- fendunt. 6. Regina virgini vestem dat 7. Virginis vestis pulchra est. 8. Rex imaginem sororis videt. 9. Pax civibus est grata. 10. Juvenis librum came sorori dat. 11. Pastor ovibus cibum dat. 12. Imago mortis nautam terret. 13. Nauta tempestatem timet. 14. Virgo caras sorores amat. D 1. The shepherd defends his timid sheep. 2. The maidens are dear to (their) mother. 3. The ships are dear to the sailor. 4. The youth sees the image of (his) sister. 5. The diligence of the bees is great. 6. The tempest is alarming to the sailors. 7. Life is dear to youths and maidens. 8. Good citizens do not fear the laws. 9. Good dogs defend the timid sheep (pi.). 10. Sleep is the image of death. apum. juvenem. legum. sanguis. avium. finem. ovibus. lapidis. Latin Exercise Book. 15 XIII. THIRD DECLENSION— (continued). Substantives .of the Neuter Gender. Eule 8. — Neuters in e, al, ar have Ablative Singular i, Nominative Plural ia, and Genitive Plural ium; e.g., mare, animal, and calcar (a spur). A 1. Learn Vocabularies 11-13, the way to decline nomen, and the neuter endings of the Third Declension. 2. Decline flumen, iter, and animal. 3. Decline together — magnus lapis ; alba nix,; longum tempus. 4. Parse operibus, wdneris, capite, itinera, marium, ducum. B 1. Give orally the English, with Nominative and Genitive Singular, of — flumina. vulneribus. marium. mel. temporibus. animali. mari. capiti. nomine. itinera. operi. corpora, nominum. melle. operibus. corpore. 2. Say off the meaning and Gender of — pes. anser. pavo. caput, nos. imago. sanguis. lux. nix. vulnus. navis. tempus. corpus. flumen. finis. ignis. • 3. Say off the Accusative Singular of the same. C 1. Flumen est latum. 2. Maria sunt alta. 3. Opera apum mira sunt. 4. Nomen Caesaris clarum est. 5. Leones magna capita habent. 6. Mors corporis est certa. 7. Tempus mortis est incertum. 8. Militis corpus multa vulnera habet. 9. Mel apibus gratum est. 10. Milites hostibus vulnera dant. 11. Flumina hominibus et ani- malibus grata sunt. 12. Iter virginibus moles turn est. 13. Opera avium sunt mira. D 1. The work of bees is wonderful. 2. Many rivers are wide and deep. 3. The general has many wounds. 4. Long journeys are troublesome to soldiers. 5. There is a sacred bird, phoenix by name. 6. The colour of (its) body is red. 7. The body of Caesar has many wounds. 8. The soldiers defend (their) bodies with shields. 9. Many animals have small heads and large bodies. 16 The Beginner's XIV. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 9-13.) A 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 9-13, Rules 7 and 8, and Declension in. 2. Draw up a table of endings of the Third Declension according to Gender, and learn the same perfectly. 3. From Vocabularies 9-13 select a specimen of each of these endings, and arrange the specimens according to Gender. B 1. Put the proper form of magnus before the following, and read thus : magni pedis, of a large foot, gen. sing. : — pedis. vulpem. apem. animalibus (dat. ); pedum. multitudinis. avium. lapide. urbium. vulnus. pavonis. anseris. naves (nom.). capita (nom.). corpora. multitudinem. 2. Read off the Latin for — a small foot. for a long journey. blood is red. a white dog (ace.). of yellow honey. work is troublesome, of a beautiful image. for a dear sister. peace is pleasing, works of bees. famous names. sheep are timid. c 1. Homines justas leges defendant. 2. Lux corporis est pculus. 3. Mater flores virginibus dat 4. Aves et apes alas habeht. 5. Alae avium pulchrae sunt. 6. Pax civibus grata est. 7. Vestis sororis meae est longa. 8. Ducis corpus vulhera habet. 9. Mors vitae finis est. 10. Juvenes canes lapidibus occidunt. 11. Deus dona homini- bus dat. 12. Homines laudem Deo daht. 13. Vulpes anserem occidit. 14. Miles caput scuto defendit. D 1. Death is the certain end of life. 2. The name of Borne is renowned. 3. Birds and animals are-afraid-of fire. 4. The towers of many cities are high. 5. Peacocks are beautiful birds. 6. Many animals have small feet. 7. A large state has many famous cities. 8. The colours of flowers are pleasing. 9. The kind shepherd defends *he timid sheep. 10. The works of bees are wonderful Latin Exercise Book. 17 XV. FOURTH DECLENSION— (us). Eule 9. — The Preposition in governs the Ablative when it indicates rest in a place ; as, in horto, in the garden. Obs. — us is a masculine ending, but domus, a house, and manus, a hand, are feminine. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 15, and the way to decline gradus. 2. Write out and learn the endings of gradus. 3. Decline fluctus and partus. 4. Parse senatui, arcuum, exercitum, eguitatu, domibus. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number and Case, of — gradus (gen. ). portum. vultus (gen. ). gradu. portubus (dak ). sonitu. manibus (abl. ). peditatu. fluctibus (dat.). manuum. peditatui. gradu urn. 2. Say the plural of — arcus, arcum, portu, portui, fluctus, vultu, manus. Say the singular of — lacubus (dat.), graduum, manus (ace), arcuum, fluctibus. c 1. Naves in portu sunt. 2. Nautae portum defendunt. 3. Gladius est in ducis manu. 4. Regina albas manus habet. 5. Vultus judicis severus est. 6. Sonitus fluctuum gratus est. 7. Domus hominibus est cara. 8. Fluctus maris alti sunt 9. Dux equitatum laudat. 10. Matris vultus benignus est. 11. Dux exercitui est carus. 12. Scuta peditatus parva sunt. 13. Milites longos arcus habent. 14. Italia multos portus habet. 15. Glades equitatus est magna. 16. Numerus portuum magnus est. D 1. The scholar has a book in (his) hand. 2, Women love (their) Homes. 3. The infantry have bows in (their) hands. 4. Swords are in the hands of the cavalry. 5. Many ships are in the harbour. 6. The general's look is severe. 7. The walls of the houses are high. 8. Caesar is dear to the army. 9. The king's house is high. 10. The king has cavalry and infantry. 11. (There) is a lake in the fields. B 18 The Beginner's XVI. FOURTH DECLENSION— (u). Obs. — (1.) In Neuter Nouns the Nominative, Vocative, and Accusative are always alike, and these cases in the Plural always end in a or ia. (2.) The names of trees are feminine. A • 1. Learn Vocabularies 15 and 16, and how to decline genu. 2. Decline domus (giving its double forms) and cornu. 3. Write out the Neuter endings of Nouns in all Declensions. 4. Parse quercubus, genuum, frudum, visu, auditus. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number and Case, of — cornibus (dak ). manus (nom. ). fructuum. senatui. visu. pruna. risum. arcubus (abl).- sensuum. prunos. manu. lactis (gen.), genua. quercui. domum. sonitu. 2. Read off the Nominative Singular of these words and their Gender. 3. Say the plural of — cornus, quercui, fructu, sensus, pirus, exercitui. Say the singular of — cornuum, quercubus (abl.), sensibus (dat.), pira. c 1. Taurus cornua acuta habet. 2. Risus hominibus gratus est. 3. Pirus et quercus sunt arbores. 4. Pira arboria fructus sunt. 5. Pirum piri fructus est. 6. Exercitus duo cornua habet. 7. Canes tauri cornua timent. 8. Fructus quercus parvus est. 9. Quercus sunt altae arbores. 10. Templa domus deorum sunt. 11. Taurus canem cornibus occidit. 12. Nauta puellae risum amat. 13. Templum multos gradus habet. 14. Visus et auditus sunt sensus. 15. Sensus visus hominibus cams est. 16. Navis in fluctibus est. 17. Cornua tauri in capite sunt. D 1. A bull has two horns. 2. A man has two knees. 3. Animals have the sense of hearing. 4. The sense of seeing is dear to animals. 5. The steps of the infantry are long. 6. An oak is a beautiful tree. * 7. The fruit of oak-trees is small. 8. The girl has a plum in (her) hand. 9. The sheep has two small horns. 10. Plums are the fruit of the plum-tree. 11. Two boys are in the lofty oaks. 12. Mad bulls kill men with their horns. Latin Exercise Book. 19 XVII. FIFTH DECLENSION. Kule 10. — Place the Genitive between the governing Noun and its Adjective; as, Longa militis hasta, The soldiers long spear. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 15-17, and how to decline dies. 2. Write out and learn the endings of dies. 3. Parse rervm, diebus, aciem, fidei, acie, rem. 4. Translate according to Rule 10 — The king's splendid crown ; The queen's black horse ; The daughters long letter. B 1. Give orally the English, naming Number and Case, of — spem. planitie. fidem. dies (pi.). spei (dat.). perniciem. fide. dierum. facie. aciei (gen.). rernm. ape. facies (sing.). acies (sing.). rebus (dat.). faciem. 2. Bead off the Latin for — in the plain. a beautiful face (ace). with Ions bows, in the oak. by the senses. fruit of the oak. in the head. by seeing and hearing. horns of an army, in the house. of lofty trees. waves of the sea. 1. Magnam victoriae spem habet. 2. Sol est diei rex. 3. Dux hostes in planitie videt. 4. Exercitus perniciem timet. 5. Magna victoriae spe pugnant. 6. Peditatus in acie est. 7. Vultus militum hostes terret. 8. Magnam regis domum videt. 9. Dominus servi fidem laudat. 10. Hostium perniciem vident. 11. Bellum regno noxium est. 12. Filius regis est regni spes. 13. Magnus est rerum numerus. 14. Senatus ducis fidem laudat. 15. Luna est noctis regina. D 1. The sun is bright. 2. The face of the moon is beautiful 3. The general has great hope of victory. 4. The enemy fight with the hope of victory. 5. The soldiers fear the look of the enemy. 6. The king sees the great destruction of (his) army. 7. The lords praise the fidelity of (their) slaves. 8. Pears are the fruit of the pear-tree. 9. A bull has two horns in (his) head. 20 The Beginner'g XVIII. ADJECTIVES OF TWO TERMINATIONS— (is, e). Obs. — When the Neuter Nominative of an Adjective ends in e, the Ablative Singular of all Genders ends in i. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 18, and the way to decline tiistis. 2. Decline facilis and utilis. 3. Decline together — fortis miles ; tiistis puella ; breve iter, 4. Parse utUia opera ; omnium militum ; brevi tempore ; mortalis corporis. B 1. Put the proper form of utilis before the following nouns, and read thus : utilis vestis, a useful garment. vestis. opus. cornui. lapide. lucem. somnum. quercuum. hominum. animal. flumen. domibus. colorem. operum. arborum. portu. navium. 2. Read off the English, naming the Number and Case, of— fortium militum. omnibus nautis. dulcem pacem. forti militi. omnium urbium. dulci melle. facili itinere. breve tempus. grave onus, facilium itinerum. brevi cornu. gravium onerum. c 1. Milites sunt fortes. 2. Obsides sunt tristes. 3. Opus est utile. 4. Opera sunt facilia. 5. Aurum est grave. 6. Vulnera militis sunt levia. 7. Mel est dulce. 8. Animalia sunt utilia. 9. Itinera sunt difficilia, 10. Ira furor brevis est. 11. Corpus est mortale, animus iramortalis. 12. Rex forti militi praemium dat. 13. Pater filiabus dulcia pira dat. 14. Pueri breves epistolas scribunt. 15. Vulnera ducis gravia sunt. 16. Servus tristem faciem habet. D 1. My daughter is sad. 2. My brother has a sad look. 3. The journeys are short. 4. Metals are heavy. 5. Rewards are pleasing to all children. 6. The true poet is immortal. 7. The works of the true poet are immortal. 8. All animals are mortal. 9. The enemy are brave. 10. All the soldiers have short swords. 11. My brother's wounds are slight. 12. The time is short. 13. The work is difficult. Latin Exercise Book. 21 XIX. ADJECTIVES OF ONE TERMINATION. Obs. — When an Adjective occurs without a corresponding Substantive, the latter may be known by the Number and Gender of the former; thus, omnes, all men; omnia., all things. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 18 and 19, and how to decline felix and ingens. 2. Decline ferox and potens. 3. Decline together — ingens animal; audax miles; sapiens judex. 4. Parse ferocium leonum ; potenti regi ; felicem reginam ; ingenti vidnere. B 1. Put the proper forms of ingens before the following nouns, and read thus : ingentes tauri, huge bullsy masculine. tauri. capite. arborum. exercituum. corpora. vulnerum. lapidis. perniciei (dat. ). corporibus. pedem. manu. cornuum. capitis. arbor. * manui. quercubus. 2. Bead off the English, naming the Number, Gender, and Case, of — veloces pedes. sapientium judicum. potentes elephanti. velox animal. sapienti homini. ferocis leonis. audacia animalia. fidelem ministrum. feroci hoste. audaci milite. fidelis amice. felicis ducis. c 1. Deus omnia videt. 2. Judices sunt sapientes. 3. Milites sunt au daces. 4. Hostes sunt potentes. 5. Virgines sunt felices. 6. Ministri sunt fideles. 7. Fortes et audaces laudat. 8. Fideles et infelices amat. 9. Sol lucem omnibus dat. 10. Lux colorem floribus dat. 11. Boni sunt felices sed mali infelices. 12. Elephanti ani- malia ingentia sed non ferocia sunt. 13. Opera apum utilia et mira- bilia sunt. 14. Ferocis cornua tauri ingentia vulnera dant. D 1. Light is swift. 2. God sees all (things). 3. Lions are fierce. 4. Elephants are immense animals. 5. The general praises the brave. 6. The poet loves the wise and faithful. 7. Pears are sweet. 8. The unfortunate are sad. 9. Good books are useful. 10. The way of life is difficult to all (men). 11. The journey is short for swift birds 12. Soldiers have powerful horses. 22 The Beginner's XX. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 15-19.) A 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 15-19, Declensions rv. and v., and the way to decline Adjectives of one or two terminations. 2. Draw up a table of Case-endings in all the Declensions. 3. Write out in four columns — Nominative Singular, Genitive Singular, Genitive Plural, and Gender, of lacum, quercu, domibus, arbores, pruna, Jidem, nodes, solem, rebus, furore, spem. B 1. Give orally the English, with Number, Gender, and Case, of — veloces aquilae. ingentium fluctuum. felicia bella. velocis aquilae. feroces animos. dulce pirum. veloci aquilae. felicium ducum. levis oneria. veloci aquila. breves manus. facilia itinera. 2. Read off the Latin for — a wise judge. for all the boys. of fierce lions, for a faithful son. a bold soldier (ace). wonderful works, with a short sword. with great destruction. fruit of the oak. a sad face (ace.). of a slight wound. fierce looks. c 1. Milites longos arcus habent. 2. Multi sunt templi gradus. 3. Multae sunt templorum imagines. 4. Comes meus potens corpus habet. 5. Exercitus audacem ducem habet. 6. Fluctus maris in- gentes sunt. 7. Gladius in domini manu est. 8. Fideles servi dominum defendunt. 9. Canes pastoribus utiles sunt. 10. Omnia aniraalia sunt mortalia. 11. Canis ferocem taurum timet. 12. Quer- cus sunt utiles arbores. 13. Aquilam in quercu videt. 14. Pruna pruni fructus sunt. 15. Risus felicibus gratus est. D 1. Sheep fear the fierce dog. 2. The timid dove fears the fierce eagle. 3. The elephant has a huge body. 4. The bull has two short horns. 5. Anger is short madness. 6. The soul is immortal, but the body is mortal. 7. The journey is short, but difficult. 8. Peace a*»t to the citizens. 9. The king gives immense rewards to (his) 1 general. 10. My friend's wounds are slight. Latin Exercise Book. 23 XXL COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.— Regular. Eule 11. — Take the Positive, and change its Genitive ending into ior for the Comparative, and into issimus for the Superlative. y Obs. — Comparatives are declined like mdior, and Superlatives like bonus. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 21 and the Numerals 1-20. 2. Com- pare the Adjectives in Vocabulary 19. 3. Decline the Com- parative and Superlative of clarus and utilis. 4. Decline together — dulce jpirum ; gravius vvlnus ; dux jprudentior. B 1. Give orally the Comparative and Superlative of — altus. prudens. tristis. albus. brevis. acutus. severus. dulcis. cams. noxius. audax. velox. utilis. fortis. potens. . sapiens 2. Put the proper form of the Comparative of longus before the following Nouns, and say off the English, with the Gender — spinae (gen.), scutum. alis. navium. pennas. hastarum. pedum. vestis (gen. ). nasorum. cultros. lapide. flumen. vitam. epistolae (nom.). leges. itinera. c 1. Sol est splendidior quam lima. 2. Lux est clarior quam aqua. 3. Ferrum est metallorum utilissimum. 4. Argentum levius est quam aurum. 5. Plumbum gravius est quam ferrum. 6. Equi potentiores sunt quam asini. 7. Elephantus omnium animalium est potentissimus. 8. Simplex cibus pueris utilissimus. 9. Dux praemia fortissimis militibus dat. 10. Magistri dihgentissimos discipulos laudant. D 1. A year has twelve months. 2. The hand has five fingers. 3. The boy has fifteen pears and seventeen plums. 4. Lions are fiercer than elephants. 5. Sheep are more-timid than dogs. 6. Light is swifter than sound. 7. Dogs are most-faithful animals. 8. The lion is the boldest of animals. 24 The Beginner's XXII. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.— Exceptional. Eule 12. — Adjectives with Nominative in er form the Superlative by adding rimus ; as, liber, free ; liberrimus, freest. Obs. — The Superlative may often be translated by very ; as, altissimus, highest, or very high. A 1.. Learn Vocabularies 21 and 22, and the Numerals 20-100. 2. Compare the Adjectives in Vocabulary 7. 3. Compare the Adjectives that form Superlative in limus. 4. Decline together — nigerrimus color ; altius flumen ; comes miserrimus ; iter diffidllimum. B 1. Give orally the Comparative and Superlative of — facilis. pulcher. severus. utilis. dulcis. cams. acer. difficilis. gracilis. brevis. celer. similis. tristis. humilis. aeger. gravis. 2. Put the proper form of the Superlative ofjndcher before the following Nouns, and say off the English — luce. auri. manibus. templorum. sol. quercui. sorori. pedum, lunam. arboris. imagine. virginibus. noctis. fluctuum. donis. avium. c 1. Aurum est gravius et pulchrius quam ferram. 2. Nullus populus liberior est quam Britanni. 3. Reginae filiae math siniil- limae sunt. 4. Regis filii patri dissimillimi sunt. 5. Itinera in Africa sunt difficillima. 6. Iter pueris est facilius quam puellis. 7. Labores militum in pacis tempore sunt faciUimi. 8. Equi sunt celeriores quam asini. 9. Aquilae acriores oculos habent quam columbae. 10. Aurum et plumbum gravissima metalla sunt. D 1. The maidens are very miserable ; (their) brothers very happy. 2. No animal is more faithful than the dog. 3. Gold is the most beautiful of metals. 4. The dog has sharper eyes than a boy. 5. The scholar's work is easier than the master's. 6. In the head of a man are sixty-three bones. 7. A month has thirty or thirty-one days. Latin Exercise Book. 25 XXIII. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.— Irregular. Eule 13. — Nouns are put in the Ablative Case, without a Preposition, to denote the time when something is done ; as, nocte, in the night Obs. — MUlia usually governs the Genitive ; as, decern millia hominum, ten thousand men. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 21-23, the Numerals 100-2000, and Irregular Adjectives. 2. Compare the Latin Adjectives for good, slender, bad, low, great, wretched, old, small, much, little, worthless, rich. 3. Decline together — majus opus ; melior cibus; mos pessimus. B 1. Say off the Comparative and Superlative of — parvus. multus. facilis. tener. clarus. longus. tristis. acer. sacer. magnus. malus. velox. aeger. vetus. celer. dives. 2. Put the proper form of the Comparative of magnus be- fore the following Nouns, and say off the English, with the Gender — ons. ossibus. digitis. pernicie. planitiem. res (sing.). praemii. spe. cornuum. capiti. sonitu. flumen. ci vitas. classem. portus (gen. ). cladis. c 1. Noctes hieme longiores sunt quam dies. 2. Omnes cive3 maxi- mam Fabio laudem dant. 3. Aestate noctes sunt brevissimae. 4. Plurimi elephanti ingentia animalia sunt. 5. Pulcherrimi sunt flores auctumno. 6. Luna minor est quam sol aut terra. 7. Vere arbores pulcherrimae sunt. 8. Nihil est melius quam vera sapientia. 9. Sol lucem die dat, nocte luna. 10. Romani duo millia hostium occidunt. D 1. The master praises (his) best scholars. 2. Pears are sweetest in autumn. 3. No city is more famous than Rome. 4. Very-many islands are larger than Cyprus. 5. In the enemy's army are five thousand men. 6. A year has three hundred and sixty-five days. 7. Wisdom is better than gold. 8. Gold is heavier than silver. 26 The Beginner's XXIV. PERSONAL PRONOUNS with Sum. Obs. — (1.) The Nominative Case of Personal Pronouns is often understood, but it must be expressed when emphatic ; as, Ego sum laetus, tu es tristis. (2.) The Third Person, Singular and Plural, may often be rendered there is, there are, etc. ; as, Erit bellum, There mil be war. A Things to be learnt before attempting this Exercise: — Vocabulary 24; Present-Stem Tenses of the Indicative of the Verb Sum ; Personal Pronouns ; Ordinal Numbers as far as decimus. B 1. Give orally the English, naming Person and Number — sum. erat. eritis. estis. tjbi. eras. erinras. sumus. sunt. nostri. erit. est. eratis. vestrum. mihi. es. eramus. erunt. nobis. tui. 2. Turn into Latin, saying the Pronoun as well as the Verb — thou wast. you were. you will be. ninth. I shall be. we are. (there) were. seventh, we shall be. (there) are. thou wilt be. fifth, (there) is. I am. (there) was. eighth. c 1. Simplex cibus mihi optimus est. 2. Tu tertius discipulus es, et ego septimus. 3. Nos sumus pauperes, vos estis divites. 4. Nos in horto eramus, vos in agro eratis. 5. Mater mea mihi carissima semper erit. 6. Fidelis amicus mihi eris. 7. Carior nobis es quam vita. 8. Sapientia carior tibi est quam aurum. 9. Miserrimi eramus heri, et hodie sumus laetissimi. 10. Numa secundus Komae rex erat, Tarquinius septimus. D 1. My brother is the tenth scholar, and I the first. 2. We were more diligent than you, yesterday. 3. You are very-dear to me. 4. You are glad to-day, but to-morrow you will be sad. 5. Fortune is kinder to me than to you. 6. A true friend is dearer to us than gold. 7. The general's praise will be pleasing to you, soldiers. 8. Tullus was the third king of Rome. Latin Exercise Book. 27 XXV. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS with Sum. A Things to be learnt before attempting this Exercise : — Vocabularies 24 and 25; Perfect-Stem Tenses of the Indi- cative of the Verb Sum; Reflexive Pronouns; Ordinal Numbers as far as quinquagesimus. B I. Give orally the English, naming Tense, Person, and Number — fuisti. fait. fuimus. fuistis. fuerat. fueramus. fnerint. fuerant. fuerimus. fueritis. eramus. eratis. erit erimnfl. fueratis. fuerunt. 2. Turn into Latin, saving the Pronoun as well as the Verb — thou hast been. we had been. we shall be. I had been. I shall have been. you are. you will have been. we have been. you have been. I have been. thou hadst been. you will be. 3. Give the Latin Ordinals for 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. 1. Caesaris fortuna maxima fait. 2. Regina olim pulchra fuerat. 2. Dies hieme breves erunt. 4. Roma diu clara fuerat. 5. Servus se defendit. 6. Multi sibi laudem dant. 7. Sibi laudem dat. 8. Sui memores sunt. 9. Bella semper fuerunt et semper erunt. 10. Nomen Romae clarum semper erit. 11. Servi non semper fideles fuerunt. 12. Semper pauperes et miseri fueramus. 13. Improbi non semper erunt felices. 14. Zeuxis pictor clarissimus fuit. D 1. The work had been great. 2. The burden was heavy. 3. The flowers were beautiful. 4. The king will be wise. 5. We had been fortunate. 6. Thou wast always brave. 7. Yesterday we were poor, to-day we are rich. 8. You have been faithful to us. 9. I shall have been lone ill. 10. The queen loves herself. 11. The girl gives praise to herself. 1 2. Most (men) are mindful of themselves. 13. Formerly journeys were very difficult. 28 The Beginner's XXVI. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS with Sum. Eule 14. — The Present Conjunctive in a principal sentence expresses a wish or a command ; thus, Sis felix ! May yotc be fortunate ! Sis fortis, Be brave. Obs. — Possessive Pronouns are used like Adjectives, only they follow their Substantives. A Things to be learnt before attempting this Exercise : — Vocabularies 24-26; Imperative and Conjunctive Moods of the Verb Sum; Possessive Pronouns; Ordinal Numbers as far as centesimus. B 1. Give orally the English, naming Mood and Tense — simus. esto. este. estate, essetis. sunto. fuissetis. fuisses. Bint. fuerim. sitis. essem. esses. fuisses. essemus. fuissem. 2. Turn into Latin, saying the Pronoun as well as the Verb— thou mayst be. be (sing.). thou must be. thou mightst be. be (plur.). I may have been. * you may be. we may be. you must be. you might be. we might be. I might have been. 1. Fidelis amicus sis. 2. Fili, mem or parentum es. 3. Discipuli tui diligentiores sunto. 4. Pastores, oviuni memores este. 5. Amici nostri sint fideles ! 6. Milites vestri fortes sint. 7. Vinum vetus esto. 8. Judices justi sunto. 9. Milites ! semper fortes estote. 10. Reges ! semper justi et fortes estote. 11. Flores horti vestri pulcherrimi sunt. 12. Dux militum nostroruui prudens sit! 13. Cibus filiorum tuorum sit simplex. D 1. 0 soldier ! be brave. 2. 0 boys ! be very diligent. 3. A king must be bold. 4. O men ! be kind. 5. Boys, be attentive. 6. A judge must be just. 7. 0 sons, be mindful of your parents. 8. Let our country be dear to us. 9. Let your parents be dear to you. 10. May our general be more prudent ! Latin Exercise Book. 29 XXVII. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. [This Exercise may be deferred until those in the Active Voice are done.] Obs. — Hie is this near me; Iste is that near you, or that of yours ; Hie is that yonder. Is refers to something previously mentioned. They may all be translated by he9 she, it, etc., when used without a noun. A 1. Learn once more the verbs at the head of all the previous Exercises, the way to decline duo and tres, and the Demonstra- tive Pronouns. 2. Decline iste throughout. 3. Decline together — hie nauta; ista filia ; Mud animal; is gladius ; ea hasta ; id oppidum. B 1. Put the proper form of hie before the following Nouns: — gradus. graduum. navis (gen.). flumen. gradui. gradibus. navi. flumina. gradu. gradus (ace). navium. flumine. gradum. gradus (gen.). navibus. fluminum. 2. Put the proper form of ille before the same Nouns. 3. Proceed similarly with is. C 1. Doinimis equum huic servo dat et ill! canem. 2. Discipuli bujus magistri meliores sunt quam illiiis. 3. Miles hunc hominera defendit et ilium occidit. 4. Iste canis me terret. 5. Fabius mihi amicus est ; pater meus eum amat. 6. Amicus meus non est validus ; iter ei noxium erit. 7. Horum puerorum pater est dives, illorum pauper. 8. Magister diligenter discipulos amat ; praemia iis dat. 9. Isti servi suht fidelissimL 10. Nomen illius ducis clarius erat quam hujus regis. 11. Hoc metallum gravius est quam illud. D 1. This flower is more beautiful than that 2. This tree is more- lofty than that. 3. That companion (of yours) is a bad boy. 4. The queen has two daughters ; she loves them very-much. 5. The king has two sons ; he praises them very highly. 6. These pears are sweeter than those plums. 7. The names of those brave men will ever be famous. 8. The fruit of these trees is sweeter than (the fruit) of those. 9. Those scholars (of yours) are very diligent. 30 The s XXVIII. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 21-26.) 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 21-26, Rules 11-14, Pro- nouns, and the Verb Sum. 2. Decline together — audax leo ; ingens animal ; iter brevius. 3. Compare the Latin Adjectives for sweet, useful, wretched, difficult, great, many, slender, famous, old, rich. 4. Translate in two ways — Be (thou) attentive ; Be (ye) attentive ; Simus prudentes ; Sint fortissimi ; Brunt bella. B 1. Give orally the English, naming Degree, Number, and Gender — humiliores. simillima. difficillima. utilia. Sauperum. meliorum. facile. potentior. itior. pejor. laetiori. relicius. veterrimi. miserius. diligentior. dulce. 2. Give orally, in Latin, the Comparative and Superlative of- small. many. easy. tender. sweet. famous. long. sad. sharp. short. Bacred. great. bad. rich. like. sick. old. swift. poor. dear. 3. Translate orally — simus. essetis. fuero. ten. tenth. ero. eramus. es to. fifty. thirteenth. fuerunt. fuisti. snnto. seventy. thirtieth. fuissem. fuerim. fuisse. ninety. ninetieth. 1. Omnes milites brevissimos gladios habent. 2. Veri opera poetae immortalia erunt. 3. Iter hieme equitatui difficillimum erit. 4. Pauperes non semper miserrimi sunt. 5. Dux maximam victoriae spem habet. 6. Nulla urbs clarior fuit quam Roma. 7. Melior est certa pax quam victoria incerta. 8. Animal multa ossa in corpora habet. 9. Heri nonus discipulus fui ; hodie sum septimus. 10. Visus et auditus sunt sensus utilissimi. 1. The eagle is a very bold bird. 2. The lion is a very fierce animal. 3. The Roman laws were very good. 4. Nothing is sweeter than honey. 5. Nothing is more wonderful than the works of bees. 6. Iron is more useful than gold. 7. Son, be mindful of your parents. 8. a.d. 1880 (give the Latin* in full). Latin Exercise Book. 31 XXIX. SUPPLEMENTARY EXERCISES. \N.B. — For additional practice, if needed, while the pupil is learning the First Conjugation, as it is desirable that the Grammar should be kept well in advance of the Exercises.] 1. Roma urbs clarissima fait. 2. Corona reginae est splendida. 3. Aurum splendidius est quam argentum. 4. Ferrum est metallam utilissimum. 5. Taurus validum animal est 6. Elephantus vah'dior est quam taurus. 7. Elephantus potentissimus animalium est. 8. Socrates sapientissimus Graecorum fnit. 9. Multi homines vetus vinum amant 10. In horto meo sunt multi flores pulcherriini. B 1. An eagle is a bold bird. 2. The peacock was sacred to Juno. 3. The dove is dear to me. 4. Death is the certain end of life. 5. The gold of the temple is sacred. 6. Lead is heavier than silver. 7. Britain is a larger island than Sicily. 8. My sister has beautiful eyes. 9. Your sister has a red flower in her hand. 10. Our mother is very dear to us. c 1. Dulcis somnus Dei donum est. 2. Verus amicus vitae scutum est. 3. Vera sapientia melior est quam aurum aut argentum. 4. Bosae varios colores habent. 5. Pater meus liberos suos amat. 6. Fratres mei et sorores tuae felices sunt. 7. Frater meus mihi carus comes est 8. Color nivis est albus. 9. Sanguis in corporibus nostris ruber est. 10. Lux diei clarior est quam noctis. 11. Sol major est quam luna aut terra. 12. Plurimae stellae in cbelo sunt 1. A mad bull is very fierce. 2. The general has a large army. 3. (He) has a hundred men. 4. Our dogs see the fox in the fields. 5. The king's horse is white. 6. The master praises the diligence of his scholars. 7. (He) gives books to his diligent scholars. 8. The slave kills the wild- boar with a spear. 32 The Beginner's 1. Taurus duo valida cornua habet. 2. Equus parvum caput habet. 3. Asinus minor est quam equus. 4. Quercus est pulchrior quam pirus. 5. Fructus quercuum parvus est. 6. Homo duo genua ot duos pedes habet. 7. Hostes magnam victoriae spem habent. 8. Lux elnrior est quam aqua. 9. Risus felicibus est gratus. 10. Risus miseris est molestus. 11. Vulpes cani simillima est. 12. Rex maximam duci laudem dak 1. Pears are sweet : plums are sweeter. 2. The moon is bright, the sun is brighter. 3. Lead is heavy, gold is heavier. 4. A dog is very similar to a fox. 5. In winter the nights are long and the days short. 6. In summer the days are longer than the nights. 7. In autumn the trees will be yellow. 8. In spring the fields will be green. 9. Many islands are larger than Sicily. 10. No man was wiser than Socrates. 11. God is good and kind to all. 1. Opera apum mirabilia sunt. 2. Iter hieme difficilius est quam n estate. 3. Nomen Caesaris clarissimum est. 4. Nihil melius est quam virtus. 5. Vetus amicus melior est quam novus. 6. Bonus vir virtu tern amat. 7. Lux celerior est quam sonus. 8. Acies uladii mei est acris. 9. Tertius Romae rex secundo dissimilis fuit 10. Este aniicorum memores. 11. Pauperes heri fuiraus, hodie sumus divites. 12. Cras ditiores erimus quam sumus hodie. H 1. Old wine is better than new. 2. Old friends are better than new. 3. Be attentive, boys, to your master. 4. May you always be happy ! 5. (There) are three hundred and sixty-five days in a year. 6. A man has one mouth, two eyes, and sixty -three bones in his head. 7. To a good man virtue is dearer than gold. 8. My brother has small hands and large feet. 9. All the soldiers have very long spears. 10. Yesterday I was the tenth scholar ; to-day I am the sixth. 11. The days are longer in summer than in winter. 12. A horse is stronger than an ass. Latin Exercise Book. 33 TABLE OF VERBS.— Active Voice. The Formation of Tenses. A Latin Verb has four Principal Parts. These are — (1) Present Indicative, (2) Perfect Indicative, (3) Supine, (4) Pre- sent Infinitive. (4) am -are. mon-ere. reg -fire, aud -ire. Latin Verbs have four Conjugations, and the ending of the Present Infinitive shows to which of them any verb belongs ; thus : — a) (2) (3) 1st Conj. am -o. amav-i. amat -um. 2d Conj. mon-eo. monu-i. monlt-um. M Conj. reg -o. rex -l. rect -um. 4th Gary. aud -io. audiv-i. audit -um. (1) are. (2) ere. (3) ire. From the other three Principal Parts all the remaining parts of the Verb are derived. Present Stem. Conj. Indicative. Conjunctive. Present. Imperfect. Future. Present. • Imperfect. 1 2 3 4 am -o mon-eo reg -o aud -io am -abam mon-ebam reg -ebam aud -iebam am -abo mon-ebo reg -am aud -iam am -em mon-eam reg -am aud -iam am -arem mon-erem reg -erem and -irem Conj. Imperative. Verb Infinite. Present. Future. Present. Pres. Part. Gerund. 1 2 3 4 am -a mon -e reg -e aud -l am -ato mon-eto reg -Ito aud -ito am -are mon -ere reg -fire aud -ire am -ans mon-ens reg -ens aud -iens am -andum mon-endum reg -endum aud -iendum 34 The Beginner's * Perfect Stem. • 1 1 2 3 4 Indicative. Conjunctive. Infinitive. Perfect. Pluperfect. Fut. Perf. Perfect. Pluperfect. Perfect. am&V'i monu-i rex -i audiv-i amav -6ram monu-eram rex -eram audiv-eram amav -ero monu-ero rex -ero audiv-ero amav -erim monu-erim rex -erim audiv-erim amav-issem monu-issem rex -issem audiv-issem amav-isse monu-isse rex -isse audiv-isse Supine Stem. Conj. Supine. Fut. Participle. Fut. Infinitive. 1 2 3 4 amat -um monU-um rect -um audit -um amat -urus monit -urus rect -urus audit -urus amat -tlrus esse monit-urus esse rect -urus esse audit -urus esse Obs. — (1.) In the Present-Stem Tenses of the Indicative and Conjunctive the final letters are always — Person. Singular. Plural. 1 2 3 o or m 8 t mus tis nt (2.) In the Perfect-Stem Tenses the entire endings are the same for all the Conjugations. (3.) Two Tenses may be easily derived from the Present Infinitive : — (a.) Present Imperative by cutting off the final re; as, ama, from amare. (b.) Imperfect Conjunctive by adding m; as, amarem, from amare. Latin Exercise Book. 35 — ^— — — » — >»— — ^— ^— ^ ii ii XXX. FIRST CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Indicative Mood — Present-Stem Tenses. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 30, and the Indicative of amo, 2. Write out and learn the endings of amo in the Present-Stem Tenses. 3. Conjugate ^?aro and p^wo in these tenses. 4. Parse aras> arabitis, arabatis, arabamus, arabimus. B 1. Bead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — amas. am at. amabitis. amatis. amabas. amabat. amabunt. amamus. amabis. amant. amabimus. amabatis. amabamus. amabunt. amabant. 2. Supply Pronouns with these Verbs. 3. Say off the 'plural of — amas, amabat, amabit, amabas, amo, amabo, amabam. Say off the singular of — amant, amabamus, amabitis, amabimus, amamus, amabunt. c 1. Magistri discipulos laudant. 2. Servi onera portant. 3. Duo exercitus pugnabunt. 4. Viam nautae monstrabo. 5. Cibum exercitui parabimus. 6. Agricolae agros arant. 7. Exercitus agros vastabat. 8. Terrain auctumno arabimus. 9. Aquila agnum porta- bat. 10. Parentes semper amabimus. 11. Aves in arboribus cantant. 12. Luscinia dulce carmen nocte can tat. 13. Hostes vulnera militi- bus nostris dant. 14. Equus gravius onus portabat quam asinus. 15. Duces milites laudabant. 16. Hostes urbes et agros igne vasta- bunt. 17. Nautae naves parabunt ; naves nautas portabunt. D 1. Fishes swim in the water. 2. Horses carry heavy loads. 3. Birds sing in spring. 4. Happy boys were singing. 5. Fabius will not praise himself. 6. I will give you a book. 7. A ship ploughs the sea. • 8. We will point out the way. 9. Most (men) praise diligence. 10. You were fighting yesterday. 11. I shall always love (my) brothers and sisters. 12. Nightingales sing sweet songs by night. 13. The senate will give rewards to the soldiers. 14. We shall always love and praise the good. 15. We plough the fields in spring and autumn. 36 The Beginner's XXXI. FIRST CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Indicative Mood — Perfect-Stem Tenses. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 30 and 31, and the Indicative of amo. 2. Write out and learn the endings of amo in the Perfect-Stem Tenses. 3. Conjugate paro and pugno in these Tenses. 4. Parse araveram, araveris, araveritis, araveris. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — amavisti. amavimus. amavero. amaverunt. amaverat. amaveras. amavistis. amaveratis. amaverimus. amaveritis. amaveris. amaverint. 2. Say off the plural of — amavisti, amaveram, amaveris, amavi, amavero, amavit. Say off the singular of — amaveratis, amaverimus, amavistis, amavimus, amaverunt. c 1. Puellae capita ornaverunt. 2. Equitatus nqster hostes fugavit. 3. Aurum in terra celaverat. 4. Domini servos liberaverint. 5. Amicos tuos amavisti. 6. Pisces in aqua natant. 7. Elephantus ingens onus portaverat. 8. Pavo pennas ostentabat. 9. Aves in aere volant. 10. Leones die se celant. 11. Rex pacem optaverat. 12. Quum Romani agros vastaverant, urbem intraverunt. 13. Quuin agricolae agros araverint, phiviam optabunt. 14. Pacem sperabimus quum noster exercitus hostes fugaverit. 15. Romani se et equos suos in silvis celaverant. D 1. I swam in the river yesterday. 2. Lions conceal themselves in the woods by night. 3. The farmers wished-for rain. 4. We had entered the city. 6. The birds had-been-singing* 6. The soldiers fought bravely. 7. We had hoped-for peace. 8. We will show you the way. 9. You did not show me the way. 10. The enemy laid- waste the fields. 11. When the farmers had ploughed the fields, they wished-for rain. 12. The timid citizens have concealed* (their) gold and silver in the ground. Latin Exercise Book. 37 XXXII. FIRST CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Conjunctive Mood. Rule 15. — Ut always takes the Subjunctive; si and nisi only when uncertainty is meant to be expressed. Obs. — The Conjunctive is commonly called the Subjunctive when it occurs, as it usually does, in a subordinate sentence. The Subjunctive Mood never makes a positive statement like the Indicative, and is usually preceded by some Conjunction ; as, si, if; nisi, unless ; ut, that, in order that. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 30-32, and the Conjunctive of amo. 2. Write out and learn the endings of amo in the Conjunctive. 3. Conjugate paro and pugno in the Conjunctive. 4. Write out the 1st Person Singular of all the Present-Stem Tenses of oro and do. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — ames. amemus. amares. amaverim. amatis. amaret. amaveris. amaretis. amaviases. amabas. ametis. amavissem. amem. amaveritis. amabitis. 2. Say off the plural of — ames, amarem, amaveris, amavisses, amaret, amares. Say off the singular of — amavissetis, amaveritis, amaremus, ametis, amaretis. c 1. Miles tauruiu occidit ut vitam suam conserved 2. Consul agros vastavit ut hostes pacem orarent 3. Cives arma paraverant ut urbem servarent. 4. Dux militibus praemia non dabit, nisi fortiter pugna- verint. 5. Si Caesar dux fuisset, nostri milites hostes fugavissent. 6. Nautae die et nocte vigilabant ut navem servarent 7. Agricola viam duci hostium monstravit ut oves suas servaret 8. Si diligentior fuisses, magister te laudavisset. 9. Diligentior es, mi fili. D 1. Men have hands that they may work. 2. Animals have feet that they may walk. 3. Men tame elephants that they may be useful animals. 4. The soldier killed his enemy, that he might save him- self. 5. He would have praised us, if we had been diligent. 6. I should have loved you, if you had loved me. 7. He praises the dili- gent, that they may be more diligent. 38 The Beginner's XXXIII. FIRST CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Imperative and Infinitive Moods. Eule 16. — An Adjective belonging to the Infinitive is always in the Neuter Gender ; as, Facile est errare, It is easy to go wrong. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 31-33, and the Verb amo. 2. Write out the Imperative of paro &nd pugno, and the "Verb Infinite" of the same. 3. Write out the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses formed from the Perfects of oro, do, and domo. B 1. Head off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — amate. amans. amatum. amaturus. ama. amato. amandum. amanto. amare. amaturi. amavisse. amando. amatu. amatote. amandi. 2. Say off the Gerund (Ace. and Gen.) of — oro, do, domo, muto, sto, laudo. Say oflf the Supine and Future Participle of the same. C 1. Facile est fabulam narrare. 2. Difficile est elephantum doruare. 3. Dulce est amicum amare. 4. Difficillimum est leonem doruare. 5. Deo gloriam omnes demus. 6. Laudate fortes et bonos amate. 7. Gives, bellum vitetis et pacem servetis. 8. Difficile est mores iin- proborum mutare. 9. Omnes in coelo et in terra laudent Deum. 10. Agricolae aranto, milites pugnanto, et judices judicanto. 11. Milites, fortiter pugnate, et patriam servate. 12. Semper parentes amate. D 1. Be watchful, citizens. 2. Soldiers, fight bravely. 3. Children, love your father and mother. 4. Men, love your country. 5. Let us all love God. 6. Let me show you the way. 7. Farmers must often plough the fields. 8. Nobody must labour always. 9. It is difficult to change (one's) nature. 10. It is pleasing to give you praise. 11. Let our army lay- waste the fields of the enemy. 12. Let us conceal ourselves (wos) in the woods. Latin Exercise Book. 39 XXXIV. RECAPITULATORY. (Exercises 30-33.) 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 30-33, and the Verb Amo. 2. Write out the 1st and 2d Person Singular of the Present-Stem Tenses of omo and do. 3. Do similarly with the Perfect-Stem Tenses. 4. Write out the forms of the " Verb Infinite " of orno and do. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — celas. celavisti. celem. celate. celandi. celabatis. celaveratis. celaret. celans. celanto. celabimus. celavero. celetis. celatu. celaturus. 2. Give orally the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses of the Indicative of — aro, canto, spero, do, domo, and sto. 3. Do similarly with all the Tenses of the Conjunctive. 4. Say off the English, and give the corresponding plural, of— amas. amabas. amabit. amans. amavisses ames. amares. amavit. amaturus. amaverim amem. amabis. amavero. amato. amavisti. c 1 . Agricolae aestate pluviam saepe optant. 2. Hostes agros nostros vastaverunt et servos liberaverunt. 3. Tu mihi semper fidelis sis. 4. Plurimi homines vitam amant et vitant mortem. 5. Omnes boni cives pugnabant ut civitatem servarent. 6. Quum hostes urbem intraverint, servos liberabunt. 7. Si mores tui meliores essent, homines te amarent 8. Judices, este justi. 9. Liberi parentum memores sunto. 10. Duo leones in silvis se celaverunt. 11. Difficilius est leonem domare quam elephantum. D 1. The nightingale was singing ; the peacock was sho wing-off. 2. A horse carries a heavier load than an ass. 3. The good shepherd will carry the feeble lambs. 4. Birds have wings, that they may fly. 5. The sailors kept-watch that they might save the ship. 6. It is more useful to plough than to sing. 7. Let all in heaven and earth give glory to God. 40 The Beginner's XXXV. SECOND CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Indicative Mood. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 35, and the Indicative of moneo. 2. Write out and learn the endings of moneo in this Mood. 3. Conjugate terreo in the Indicative Mood. 4. Parse timebas, timebimus, timetis, timuistis, timebitis. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — monetis. monebit. monet. monebitis. monuimus. monebas. monuit. monetis. monebunt. monueras. monebant. monuero. monent. monuisti. monuerint. 2. Give orally the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses of the Indicative of — floreo, mereo, exerceo, and debeo. 3. Say off the English and give the plwral of — floret, debebam, merebis, praebuero, terrebas, timuisti, exer* cebas, coercuisti. c 1. Servi severos dominos timebant. 2. Iniprobi mortem timent. 3. Milites nostri hostes terruerant. 4. Roma multos cives habuit. 5. Boni viri filios suos monent. 6. Impetum hostium timebamus. 7. Prudens puella linguam coercebit. 8. Pater filium monere debet. 9. Pastor fidelem caneni habuit. 10. Leonesignem timent. 11. Dux equitatum in planitie exercebat. 12. Servus praemium meruit, quia domini vitam conservavit. 13. Lupus omnes agnos in agro terroit. 14. Multa amicis, plura parentibus, sed plurima debemus Deo 15. Arbores vere et aestate florent. D 1. Boys exercise (their) bodies. 2. The dogs will alarm the sheep. 3. The brave deserve a reward. 4. Formerly Rome was flourishing. 5. The wise curb (their) tongues. 6. The hostages had feared death. 7. We will restrain our slaves. 8. Trees often yield useful things. 9. The shepherd's dog will not terrify the lambs. 10. The master ought to warn (his) scholars. 11. The oak has long flourished in the woods. 12. The enemy will fear the attack of our soldiers. 13. My son deserved a reward, because he had been diligent. Latin Exercise Book. 41 XXXVI. SECOND CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Conjunctive Mood. Eule 17. — When the Infinitive in English expresses a purpose, it is generally translated by ut with the Sub- junctive— never by the Infinitive : — (1.) I fight to save my life, or ) Pugno ut viiam meant I fight that I may save my life. ( conservem. (2.) I fought to save my life, or j Pugnavi ut vitam meam I fought that I might save my life. ) cotwervarenu A 1. Learn Vocabularies 35 and 36, and the Conjunctive of moneo. 2. Write out and learn the endings of moneo in the Conjunctive. 3. Conjugate terreo and timeo in this Mood. 4. Parse floreas, floreretis, Jloruissetis, and floruerim. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — moneas. moneam. monuerimus. monuerim. moneatis. moneret. moneres. monuissetis. monueritis. monerem. monueris. monuerit. monuerint. moneremus. moneant. 2. Give orally the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses of the Conjunctive of — video, doceo, teneo, caveo, and jaceo. 3. Say the singular of — moneatis, moneremus, monueritis, monuissent. c 1. Animalia oculos habent ut videant. 2. Pastorem monui ut lupum in silva caveret. 3. Ego te docebo ut tu alios doceas. 4. Amicus meus te monuit ut linguam coerceres. 5. Servus me monuerat ut canem caverem. 6. Pater meus felicior fuisset, si te ibi vidisset. 7. Nostri acriter pugnabant ut castra tenerent, 8. Si diligentior fuisses, praemium habuisses. D 1. I will warn the shepherds to beware of the wolves. 2. We warned your friends to beware of the dog. 3. We have eyes that we may see. 4. The sun gives us light that we may see all things. 5. The wise father advised (his) son to curb (his) tongue. 6. He teaches me that I may teach others. 7. I should have been happier, if I had seen you there. 42 The Beginner's XXXVII. SECOND CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Imperative and Infinitive Moods. Eule 17. — Not in negative commands or entreaties is always ne ; as, Ne oves terreamus, Let us not frighten the sheep. Obs. — Some verbs govern the Dative which in English 'take the Objective case without a preposition ; as, par ere, to obey ; nocere, to injure ; placere, to 'please ; displicere, to displease. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 35-37, and the verb moneo. 2. Write out the Imperative of doceo a,n&jubeo, and the "Verb Infinite" of the same. 3. Write out the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses formed from the Perfect of caveo, doceo, jubeo, deleo, taceo. B 1. Eead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — mone. monendi. monetote. monere. moniturus. moneto. monitum. monendum. monento. monete. monuisse. monens. monendo. monitu. monituri. 2. Say off the Gerund (Ace. and Gen.) of — caveo, doceo, jubeo, deleo, taceo. Say off the Supine and Future Participle of the same. C 1. Dux milites tacere jussit. 2. Pueri, statim tacete. 3. Fili, parentibus pareas. 4. Facile est timidos terrere. 5. Ne noceamus aliis. 6. Ne tibi displiceam. 7. Milites, ne deleamus urbem. 8. Pastor, cave lupum. 9. Omnes linguam coercento. 10. Bonae filiae matribus placent. 11. Jucundius est amicis placere quam hostibus displicere. 12. Omnes cives patriae legibus pareant. 13. Melius est linguam coercuisse quam amico nocuisse. 14. Facilius est decern sapientes docere quam unum stultum. D 1. Boys, exercise your bodies. 2. Girls, be silent. 3. Sons, obey your parents. 4. Children, please your parents. 5. Beware of the dog. 6. Be silent, children. 7. Let us curb our tongues. 8. Let us not injure others. 9. It is better to displease others than to sin. 10. It is most foolish, soldiers, to have destroyed the camp. 11. It is better to obey God than man (pi.). Latin Exercise Book. 43 XXXVIII. THIRD CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Indicative Mood. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 38, and the Indicative of rego. 2. Write out and learn the endings of rego in the Indicative. 3. Conjugate pingo and tego in the Indicative. 4. Parse ducarriy ducetis, duxisti, ducitis, duxeram, ducent. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — regitis. reges. regimuB. rexeramus. regebamus. rexi. regebas. rexit. rexisti. rexistis. regemus. reget. regam. regis. rexero. rexerunt. rexeritis. regit. 2. Give orally the 1st and 2d Person Singular of all the Tenses of the Indicative — cingo, instruo, scribo, defendo, claudo. c 1. Pulchram. tabu lam pinxisti. 2. Pastores oves ducebant. 3. Discipuli scribunt et pingunt. 4. Equitatus noster castra defendet. 5. Milites se scutis defendebant. 6. Consul exercitum civium duxit 7. Castra hostium cinximus. 8. Servi corpus pallio teximus. 9. Servi corpus pallio texerunt. 10. Hostes acieni instruxerant. 11. Caesar duo castra junxerit. 12. Cives portas urbis clauserint. 13. Infideles servos occidemus. 14. Deus oninem munduni regit. 15. Carae 8orori meae placebo. 16. Dux omnes copias instruxit. 17. Cicero multos libros scripsit. 18. Bonus pater liberos defendet. 1. I was painting a picture. 2. Thou wast writing a letter. 3. You will defend yourself. 4. Caesar drew up his forces in the plain. 5. He joined our hands. 6. We will defend our homes. 7. He had covered his feet. 8. Walls surround the city. 9. We defended our friends. 10. We will slay our foes. 11. You have shut the gates. 12. Thou wilt lead the army. 13. Shepherds will lead the sheep. 14. Son, I defended thee. 15. We had written two letters. 16. A shield covered his head. 17. We will join hands, friends. 18. We often write with your pen. 44 The Beginner's XXXIX. THIRD CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Indicative Mood — Prepositions. Note. — The following Prepositions govern the Ablative : — pro, for, on behalf of. cum, with, in company with. sine, without. a or ab, by, from. de, down from, concerning. e or ex, out of from. Obs. — For when it means on behalf of is translated pro. With „ „ in company with „ cum. Cum is affixed to Personal Pronouns, as rnecum, with me. Ab is used instead of a, before h or a vowel. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 38 and 39, and the Prepositions given above. 2. Translate — Tabulam regi misi; Pro rege pugnavi ; Cum rege pugnavi ; Hasta pugnavi. 3. Translate — He sent a book for me ; He fought for me ; He fought with me ; He fought with a sword. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — scribam. pinxisti. ducemus. claudemus. defenditis. scribet. pinxero. ducebatis. claudebatis. defenderant. scripsi. pinges. duximus. clauseritis. defendistis. 2. Say off the Latin for — with, without, concerning, for, by, out of. c 1. Legatuni de pace miserunt. 2. Legati pacem a Caesare petent. 3. Obsides ab hostibus poscemus. 4. Ego cum fratre legebam. 5. Frater tuus mecum pingebat. 6. Nemo sine spe vincet. 7. Barbari copias suas instruxerant 8. Hannibal magnum exercitum ex Hispania duxit 9. Hannibal Romanos in multis proeliis vicit. 10. Pro patria pugnavimus et multos ex hostibus occidimus. 11. Consul exercitum ex urbe duxerat D 1. We write while you are reading. 2. He demanded hostages from us. 3. We will read the letter. 4. They sent us three slaves. 5. You had shut the gates. 6. I shall paint a picture. 7. Soldiers, you have conquered. 8. We wrote concerning peace. 9. Caesar led his forces out of Italy and conquered the barbarians. Latin Exercise Book. 45 XL. THIRD CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Conjunctive Mood. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 38-40, and the Conjunctive of rego. 2. Write out and learn the endings of rego in the Conjunctive. 3. Conjugate duco and vinco in the Conjunctive. 4. Parse scriberes, scripsms, scribatis, scriberetis, scripsissetis. B 1. Learn off the English, naming Mood and Tenses, of — regat. rexieset. regas. rexisses. regatis. regeres. regerem. rexiasetis. regamus. rexissem. rexerim. rexerint. rexeris. regeretis, regeremus. 2. Give orally the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses of the Conjunctive of — pono, disco, edo, vivo, poaco. 3. Say off the English and give the plural of — vincas, miseris, ederes, legerem, petivisses, poscat, posuerim, didicisset. c 1. Magister curabat ut discipuli discerent. 2. Consul omnes copias suas instruxit ut urbem defenderent. 3. Si consul barbaros vicisset, finem bello imposuisset. 4. Si ego unus ex legatis fuissem, pacem proposuissem. 5. Pyrrhus misit legatum ut pacem Romanis pro- poneret. 6. Pater liberos legere docet ut multa discant 7. Edimus ut vivamus ; non vivimus ut edamus. 8. Edunt ut vivant ; non vivunt ut edant. 9. Barbari aciem instruxerant ut proelium cum Romanis committerent. 10. Pyrrhus copias suas ducebat ut Romam cingerent. D 1. Pyrrhus sent one of (ex) his friends to propose peace. 2. 1 will take care that my sons may learn (how) to live. 3. If you had been the general, we should have conquered. 4. Had I been consul, we should have put an end to the war. 5. We read many books that we may learn many (things). 6. If your father were-alive, he would have corrected you. 7. You live to eat ; we eat to live. 8. Had the general been wise, he would have defended the camp. 9. Let us eat to live ; let us not live to eat. 10. I will-take-care that you learn to read well 46 The Beginner's XLI. THIRD CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Imperative and Infinitive Moods. Eule 18. — A Genitive is sometimes so used that mark, duty, business, or part may be supplied ; as, Discipuli est discere, It is (the duty) of a scholar to learn* A 1. Learn Vocabularies 38-41, and the Verb rego. 2. Write out the Imperative of pono and disco, and the "Verb Infinite" of the same. 3. Write out the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses formed from the Perfect of disco, edo, vivo,peto,posco. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — rege. regendi. regitote. regere. recturus. regito. rectum. regentis. regento. regito. rexisse. regens. regendo. rectu. recturi. 2. Say off the Gerund (Ace. and Gen.) of — mitto, vinco, lego, claudo, occido, scribo. 3. Give orally the Supine and Future Participle of the same Verbs. C [Before translating turn back to Eule 14.] 1. Sine virtute ne vivamus. 2. Semper beate vivatis, atnici ! 3. Pueri, bene vivere discite. 4. Servi dominis parere discunto. 5. Milites, ducem defendite. 6. Filii, parentibus placere discite. 7. Mores nostros corrigamus. 8. Semper vincatis, milites ! 9. Nun- quani pauperibus noceamus. 10. Sapientis est linguam coercere. 11. Boni civis est legibus parere. 12. Viri est amare virtutem. 13. Servorum est dominis placere. 14. Disce parere ut bene regas. 15. Romani nos se vincere docuerunt. 16. Vive bene ut beate vivas. D 1. May you always be happy ! 2. May we ever love virtue ! 3. Soldiers, surround the enemy's camp. 4. Let us defend our king. 5. Let us not kill the man. 6. May you never be sick ! 7. It is the duty of parents to correct their children. 8. It is the part of the wise to learn (how) to live happily. 9. It is the mark of a good man to love virtue. 10. It is the business of a shepherd to feed his sheep. Latin Exercise Book. 47 XLII. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 35-41.) A 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 38-41, and the Verbs Moneo and Rego. 2. Write out the 1st and 2d Person Singular of the Present-Stem Tenses" of jubeo and vinco. 3. Do similarly with the Perfect-Stem Tenses. 4. Write out the forms of the " Verb Infinite " of jubeo and vinco. - B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of— pones. ponas. posuisti. docebo. doceremus. ponebatis. poneres. poauimus. docebas. docuisses. ponebant. pones. doceam. docuit. doceamus. ponemus. poneret. doceres. docetis. docebatis. 2. Give orally the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses of the Indicative of — teneo, floreo, taceo, pingo, claudo, posco. 3. Do similarly with all the Tenses of the Conjunctive. 4. Say off the Gerund (Gen.), Supine, and Future Parti- ciple, of — terreo, debeo, video, caveo, tego, claudo, vinco, pasco. c 1. Finem bello imponamus. 2. Obsides ab hostibus poscamus. 3. Difficile est aciem instruere. 4. Pastores oves pascebant. 5. Pul- chram tabulam pinxisti. 6. Librum de bello scripsit. 7. Servi urbis portas clauserant. 8. Ne multa discamus, sed multum. 9. Boni est filii virtutem ainare et parere parentibus. 10. Caesar legatum e castris misit ut pacem hostibus proponeret. 11. Melius est bonis placere quam improbis. 12. Edamus ut vivamus — ne vivamus ut edamus. 13. Melius est hosti placere quam aniico displicere. D 1. It is easy to learn. 2. It is difficult to teach. 3. Learn that you may teach. 4. I wrote with my sister's pen. 5. He fights to con- quer. 6. Let us cover the body. 7. Let us join hands. 8. Be silent, children. 9. Pyrrhus sent an ambassador to demand hostages. 10. Read many books that you may learn many (things). 11. It is the duty of a good citizen to fight for his country. 12. My son, learn to obey. 13. Children, be obedient to your parents. 48 The Beginner's XLIII. FOURTH CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Indicative Mood — Relative Pronouns. Eule 19. — A Eelative agrees with its antecedent in Person, Number, and Gender. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 43, Relative Pronouns, and the Indi- cative of audio. 2. Write out and learn the endings of audio in the Indicative. 3. Conjugate punio in the Indicative. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of— audis. audivisti. audivistis. audimus. audiebas. audiam. audiveram. audiemus. audient. audiveris. auditds. audiveritis. audiebatis. audiunt. audietis. 2. Give the Latin for — The king who rules. The queen whose daughters you see. The master that I obey. The friend whom we love. 3. Translate the same with the antecedent in the Plural. C 1. Judex improbos puniat. 2. Romani urbes muniverunt. 3. Mors vitam nostram finiet. 4. Milites castra custodiebant. 5. Pater mortuum filium sepelivit. 6. Manus captivorum vinciebant. 7. Flores vere aperient. 8. Pax bellum mox finiverit. 9. Servi urbis portas aperuerunt. 10. Magister, qui nos docet, pigros discipulos punit. 11. Discipuli, quos docebam, opus finiverunt. 12. Canis, quern mihi dedisti, domum meam custodit. 13. Galli, quos Caesar vicit, castra sua nunquam muniverunt. 14. Animal, quod occidisti, mox sepeliam. D 1. He will soon come, my son. 2. I opened the gate for you. 3. Your sister has come already. 4. I have slept well. 5. We have buried the body. & He had bound my hands. 7. I shall punish the lazy boys. 8. You will soon have finished. 9. I had already finished. 10. We will-keep-guard for you. 11. Caesar, to whom they gave hostages, has finished the war. 12. The general, whose soldiers are bravest, will conquer. 13. The enemy, whom we con- quered, have opened their gates. 14. The shepherd was sleeping while his dog kept guard. Latin Exercise Book. 49 XLIV. FOURTH CONJUGATION.— Active Voice. The Conjunctive Mood — Interrogative Pronouns. Obs. — There are two forms of the Interrogative Pronoun : — (a) When used with a Substantive ; (b) without a Substan- tive, (a) is in form the same as the Eelative Pronoun; (b) is also the same as the Eelative in the Plural, but in the Singular takes quis for qui, and quid for quod. A Learn Vocabularies 43 and 44, and the Conjunctive of audio. 2. Write out and learn the endings of audio in the Con- junctive. 3. Conjugate punio in the Conjunctive. 4. Write out the two forms of the Interrogative Pronoun in full. B 1. Bead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — audiat. audires. audiremus. audiretis. audies. audiatis. audiveris. audiverimus. audiverim. audietis. audiret. audivisset. audiamus. audivissem. audiam. 2. Say off the plural of — cui, quo, quid, qua, cujus, quia, qui, quod, quern. Say off the singtdar of — quorum, quae, quibus, quarum, quos, qui, quae (neut.). 3. Put the right form of the Interrogative Pronoun before — animal, animalia, hominum, reginas, rege, regis. c 1. Caesar venit ut castra muniat. 2. Caesar venit ut castra muniret. 3. Sacerdos veniet ut templi portas aperiat. 4. Barbari Caesarem oraverunt ut mortuos suos sepelirent. 5. Judicem rogemus ut improbos servos puniat. 6. Sapientes parentes curabunt ut liberos suos bene erudiant. 7. Equitatus hostium venit ut iter militum nostrorum impediret. 8. Quis filium meum emdiet ? 9. Qui magister filiam meam dooebo ? 10. Cujus equum ibi habes ? 11. Cui puero librum dedisti ? D 1. To whom did you give the book 1 2. What did you write ? 3. Of whom have you written ? 4. What (things) did you hear ? 5. Whom did you see ? 6. What did you see 1 7. What animal did you see ? 8. The slave comes to open the gate. 9. I will ask the priest (vt) to open the gates of the temple. 10. Let us entreat the king (ut) to finish the war. 11. I will ask your father to punish you. D 50 The Beginner's XLV. FOURTH CONJUGATION— Active Voice. All the Moods — Prepositions. Note. — The following Prepositions govern the Accusative — contra against propter on account of. post after. trans across. ad to. ante before. Obs. — "In" meaning in governs the Ablative ; "in" meaning into governs the Accusative. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 43-45, and the verb Audio. 2. Write out the Imperative of scio and entdio, and the " Verb Infinite" of the same. 3. Write out the 1st Person Singular of all the Tenses formed from the Perfect of vincio, venio, aperio. 4. Trans- late— He is in the garden ; He comes into the garden. B 1. Eead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — audi. auditum. audiens. auditurus, audientis. audita auditote. audiendi. audiendo. audiunto. audire. audivisse. auditu. audite. audiendum, 2. Say off the Gerund (Ace. and Gen.) of — punio, sepelio, munio, vincio, dormio, aperio, venio. 3. Give orally the Supine and Future Participle of the same Verbs. C 1. Rex poetam rogavit ut filium suum erudiret. 2. Pater meus scit multas res qnas ego nescio, 3. " Scito," inquit, " amorem non auro emi aed virtutibus." 4. Magistri mentes discipulorum diligenter erudiunto. 5. Galli legatos ad Caesarem de pace miserant. 9. Ger- mani trans Rhenum in Galliam venerant. 7. Romani e Gallia trans mare in Britanniam venerunt. 8. Nullus ducum Romanorum ante Caesarem in Britanniam venit. 9. Multi leges sanitatis nesciunt et contra naturam vivunt, 10. Cives propter hostium victoriam urbis portas aperuerunt. o 1. They asked after the battle {ut) to bury the dead. 2. We have two ears that we may hear easily. 3. We read many books that we may know many things. 4. Our cavalry will check the enemy's infantry, 5. Hannibal led his forces out of Spain into Italy. 6. Caesar was-ignorant-of the manners of the Britons. 7. The night- ingale will come across the sea before summer. 8, Ambassadors came from Britain to Caesar concerning hostages, Latin Exercise Book. 51 xlvi. ORAL exercises.— Active Voice. 1. Look at the Table of Verbs (p. 33), and give in order the 2d Person Singular throughout. 2. Do the same with the 3d Person Singular, and so on with the remaining parts. 3. Say the principal parts of the following Verbs, with their meanings :- oro. caveo. jubeo. s to. doceo. tego. deiendo. do. teneo. domo. video. occido. taceo. deleo. scribo. terreo. fleo. claudo. mitto. lego. edo. etno. peto. pono. vivo, pingo. Sosco. isco. dico. pasco. vmco. vincio. punio. venio. scio. aperio. B 1. Say the 1st and 2d Person Singular of the Future Indicative and Present Subjunctive of these Verbs. 2. Say the Prosent Infinitive, Present Imperative, and Imperfect Subjunctive of the same. 3. Give the Present Participle and Gerund (Ace. and Gen.) of the same. C 1. Say the 1st and 2d Person Singular of the Perfect Indicative and Perfect Subjunctive of the above Verbs. 2. Say the Perfect Infinitive of the same. 3. Give the Supine and Future Participle of the same. Eead off the English of— 1st Cory. orem. orares. orabas. 8 tans. standi. statu. dabis. dediBti. demus. domas. domabitis. domuisses. 2d Conj. cavetis. cavete. cavisse. visurus. vide. videns. doceatis. doceto. docuisti. deleretis. delebunt. delevistis, 3d Cory. pones, ponas. poneres. petivimus. petiturus. petendi. pingis. pingetis. picturus. vicistis. vincemus. vincamus. 4th Conj. vinciam. vinciretis. vinxisti. vgnitis. venistis. venietis. aperuit. aperuisse. aperturuB. scito. sciens. sciendo. 52 The r's XL VI I. ORAL EXERCISES.— Pronouns. Personal and Reflexive Pronouns. 1. Put the right Personal Pronouns before these Verbs : — amas, amatis, amem, amavisli, monuistis, mmuu 2. Give the Plural and name the Case of mei^ me (abl.), mihi, tuiy tibi, tu, te (ace). 3. Give the Latin for — He is mindful of himself ; They are mindful of themselves ; She speaks to herself ; They praise themselves ; He speaks for himself. Demonstrative Pronouns. 1. Put the right form of hie before the following Nouns— Masculine. regis. colore, rege. colorem. regum. coloris. regibus. colori. Feminine. lex. matrum. legis. matribus. legem. matre. leges (acc.)> matrem. Neuter, capitis. nominis. caput. nomini. capita. nomine, capite. nominibus. ille miles, ilia hasta. illud scutum. 2. Do similarly with Me and is. 3. Decline together — is vir. hie puer. ea femina. haec puella. id flumen. hoc opus. 4. Give the Plural, naming the Gender and Case, of — (a) is, id, ejus, ei, earn, ea, ea, eo, eum. (b) haec, hunc, hoc (ace. ), hoc (abl. ), hujus, hanc, huic (c) illud, illam, illius, illo, ilium, ilia, ille, illi. Relative and Interrogative Pronouns. 1. Give the singular of — quorum, quas, qui, quibus (dat.), quae (neut.), quae (fern.). 2. Put the right form of the Interrogative before — liber, iter, navium, gladio, itineribus, maria, filia. 3. Turn into Latin at sight — The king who . . . The queen who . . . The judge to whom . . . The judges of whom . . . The maiden of whom . . . The generals whom . . . The bees of which . . . The birds which (ace.) . . . The birds which (nom.) . . . The rivers by which . . . Whom do you love ? To whom do you give this ? Whose dog is this ? Latin Exercise Book. 53 XLVIII. FORMATION OF THE PASSIVE VOICE. I. Present-Stem Tenses of the Indicative and Conjunctive Moods. The Passive Voice in these Moods and Tenses may be derived from the corresponding parts of the Active Voice ; thus — 1st Person. — Change final o into or, and final m or s into r. 2d Person. — Change final 5 into ris in the Singular, and tis into mini in the Plural. 3d Person. — Add ur. Note. — If the 2d Person Singular ends in is, then is must be changed into Zris ; thus, amabis becomes amab&ris, monebis becomes moneberis, and regis becomes reg&ris. These are the only instances. The Verb Amo is here given in illustration of these rules — INDICATIVE. CONJUNCTIVE. Present. Imperfect. 1 Future. Present. Imperfect. Active. | Pass. Active. : Passive. ' Active. • Passive. Active. Pass. ' Active. Passive. i am-o -as -at -annus -atis -ant :-or -aris -atur -amor -amini -antur am-abam :-abar -abas -abaris -abat -abatur -abamus -abamur -abatis -abamini -abant -abantur am-abo j-abor -abis --aberis -abit j-abitur -abimusj-abimur -abitis :-abimini -abunt :-abuntur am-em -es -et -emus -etis -ent -er -eris -etur -emur -emini -entur am-arein -ares -aret -aremus •aretis -arent -arer -areris -aretur -aremur -aremini -arentur II. Perfect Tenses of the Indicative and Conjunctive. These Tenses in the Passive Voice are composed of the Perfect Participle and the Verb Sum. This Participle is declined like bonus, and agrees with its Substantive in Num- ber, Gender, and Case ; thus — ( Puer laudatus est, . . Singular, \ Puella laudata est, . . ( Opus laudatum est, . . Pueri laudati sunt, . . Plural, \ Puellae laudatae sunt, . Opera laudata sunt, The boy The girl } has been praised. The work The boys Tlie girls The toorks have been praised. 54 The Beginner's XLIX. ORAL EXERCISES. —Passive Voice. On deriving the Passive from the Active. 1. Turn to the Active Voice of the Verb Moneo, and by- means of the Rules on the foregoing page read off the Passive in the Present-Stem Tenses of the Indicative. 2. Proceed similarly with Bego and Audio in the Conjunctive. B Give the English of the following Verbs, and the corre- sponding Passive in Latin : — 1st Conj. 2d Conj. M Conj. 4th Conj. oramus. viderem. mittes. punias. orabas. videretis. mittetis. punies. orabit. videbamu8. mittebamus. punio. orem. videtis. mittamus. puniebain, oretis. videbimus. mitteremus. puniemus. oremus. videbls. mittitis. puniretis. 1. Give the Supine and Perfect Participle of the follow- ing : — oro, doceo, rnitto, punio, domo, jubeo, pingo, mnco. 2. Say off the 1st Person, Singular and Plural, of the Perfect Indica- tive Passive of the same Verbs. 3. Give the 3d Person, Singular and Plural, of the same — using puer, pueri, respec- tively as the Nominative. 4. Proceed similarly with puella, puettae, as the Nominative. Turn the following into Latin, and give the corresponding Passive ; thus, He loves, amat ; Passive, amatur. he loves, he will love, he may love, he might love. they love, they will love, they may love, they might love. I advise. I will advise. I may advise. I might advise. they advise, they will advise, they may advise, they might advise. thou rulest. thou wilt rule, thou mayst rule, thou mightst rule. you rule, you will rule, you may rule, you might rule. Latin Exercise Book. 55 L. FIRST CONJUGATION.— Passive Voice. The Indicative Mood. Eule 20. — The Ablative of the living agent is governed by a or ab ; but the Ablative of instrument is used with- out a Preposition ; as, Miles a Tito vulneratus est, The soldier was wounded by Titus; Miles sagitta vulneratus est, The soldier was wounded by an arrow. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 52, and revise Vocabularies 30-32 and the Indicative of amor. 2. Conjugate laudo in the Indicative Passive. 3. Write out the 3d Person, Singular and Plural, of all the Tenses of the Indicative Passive of — orno, do, porto, and domo* B 1. Head off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — amaris. amatus es. amamur. amati estis. amabatur. amati eramus. amabamini. amatus eras, amabimur. amati eritis. amabimini. amati snmus. 2. Turn these Verbs into the Active form, giving the meaning in English. C 1. Victim ae floribus ornatae sunt. 9. Hostes a nostris mox fuga- buntur. 3. Nihil mihi datum est. 4. Agri ab agricolis arantur. 5. A regina laudatus es. 6. A rege laudati estis. 7. Onera a servis portabantur. 8. Via nobis monstrata erit. 9. Via a nobis monstra- bitur. 10. Oppida nostra ab hostium copiis oppugnabuntur. 11. Cibus militibus paratus erat. 12. Cibus a militibus parabitur. 13. Servi a dominis suis liberabuntur. 14. Equus splendidus ab Alexandro domitus est. 15. Is equus Bucephalus appellatus est. D 1. Two consuls were created. 2. Many will be wounded. 3. Two great towns were stormed by Titus. 4. Troy was-taken-by-storm. 5. The consul was wounded with a sword by an enemy. 6. A fleet will be immediately prepared. 7. Many are wounded in the battle. 8. Many temples had been built by Numa. 9. A fable was related by Menenius, and the people conciliated. 56 The Beginner's LI. FIRST CONJUGATION.— Passive Voice. The Conjunctive Mood. Eule 21. — Ne, meaning lest, or that not, is followed by the Subjunctive. A 1. Learn Vocabularies 52 and 53, and revise Vocabularies 32 and 33 and the Conjunctive of amor. 2. Conjugate laudo in the Conjunctive Passive. 3. Write out the 3d Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Conjunctive Passive of—orno, do, porto, and domo. B 1. Eead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — amer. amareris. amatus sis. amati essemus. amaremini. amemini. amaremur. amati sitis. ameris. amarentur. amatus sit. amati essetis. 2. Turn these Verbs into the Active form, giving the mean- ing in English. 3. Say off the following Verbs in the Passive form — ames. amaveris. amarem. amaverimus. amares. amet. amavisset. amarent. amavissetis. amaremus. c 1. Fortiter pugnate, servi, ut post proelium liberemini. 2. Multi alios laudant ut ab aliis laudentur. 3. Cave, amice, ne sagittis barbarorum vulnereris. 4. Vigilate, nautae, ut navis servetur. 5. Omnes cives armati sunt ne urbs oppugnaretur. 6. Agricolae strenue laborant ut agri ante hiemem arentur. 7. Cincinnatus dictator creatus est ut civitas servaretur. 8. Barbari tarn acriter pugnabant ut castra nostra fere expugnata Bint. 9. Mariua tarn felix in bello fuit ut iterum consul creatus sit. D 1. The boy praised his friend that by his friend he might be praised. 2. The soldiers kept-watch lest the camp should be attacked. 3. Citizens, get-ready your arms lest the city be attacked. 4. Our (men) fought so vigorously that the enemy's camp was-carried -by -assault. 5. Let the victims be decked with flowers. 6. Numa was so re- nowned that he was created king. 7. Let the fleet be-got-ready immediately. Latin Exercise Book. 57 LII. SECOND CONJUGATION.— Passive Voice. The Indicative Mood. Obs. — Nouns ending in 5 preceded by a consonant are generally Feminine, but the following are Masculine : — Dens, a tooth, and mons, a mountain, Pons, a bridge, and fons, a fountain. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 54, and revise Vocabularies 35-37 and the Indicative of moneor. 2. Conjugate doceo in the Indicative Passive. 3. Write out the 2d Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Indicative Passive of — terreo, video, jubeo, and teneo. 4. Parse videris, videtur, videbor, visi erunty and videbamur. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — moneris. monebor. moniti sumus. monemini. monebar. monitus es. monitus eras. moniti erimus. monebatur. monebimur. monebuntur. monebaris. 2. Turn these Verbs into the Active form, giving the mean- ing in English. 3. Say off the following Verbs in the Passive form — mones. monebam. monui. monebimus. monetis. monet. monebo. monueras. monebamus. monuero. c 1. Equi a lupis terrentur. 2. Reus a judice monebitur. 3. Milites in hoc agro eras exercebuntur. 4. Carthago, urbs florentissima, a Romanis deleta est. 5. Ego hodie legere doceor et tu eras scribere doceberis. 6. Barbari obsides dare jussi sunt. 7. Severi doraini a servis maxime timentur. 8. Naves Persarum in portu heri visae sunt. 9. Altus mons a copiis nostris tenebatur. 10. Pontes a civibus contra hostes tenti sunt. 11. Multi fontes in hac urbe olim visi sunt. 12. Servus equos exercere jussus erat. D 1. Our horses were exercised yesterday. 2. Dogs have sharp teeth ; they are feared by sheep and lambs. 3. Sailors are not very-greatly terrified at (by) the dangers of the sea. 4. Against this danger you had been warned. 5. The boys were taught to-be-silent 6. Nero was very-greatly feared (impf.) by all the Romans. 7. The bridges of the city were completely destroyed. 8. Both wine and water were quickly supplied. 58 The Beginner's LIU. SECOND CONJUGATION. -Passive Voice. The Conjunctive Mood. Eule 22. — Quiii, that, or but that, is used with the Sub- junctive after words expressing doubt; as, e.g. Non dubito, / do not doubt; Non est dubium, It is not doubtful, or There is no doubt. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 55, and revise once more Vocabularies 35-37 and the Conjunctive of moneor. 2. Conjugate doceo in the Conjunctive Passive. 3. Write out the 2d Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Conjunctive Passive of— terreo, video, jubeo, and teneo. 4. Parse videar, videreris, visus sit, visi essemus, and videremur. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — monearis. monitus aim. moneremini. monereris. moneremur. monerer. moniti simua. moneamini. moneantur. moniti sint. moniti eaaetia. monitus eases. 2. Turn these Verbs into the Active form, giving the meaning in English. C 1. Pater curabat ut Alius bene doceretur. 2. Bona mater curabit ut nliae linguam coercere d ocean tur. 3. Si hostes urbera intravissent, omnes cives maxime territi esaent. 4. Titus rogavit ut cibus exer- citui cito praeberetur. 5. Brute, equitatus strenue exerceatur. 6. Dictator milites jacere jubet ne ab hostibus videantur. 7. Non dubito quin tota urbs regis adventu mota sit 8. Non est dubium quin omnes cives repinae adventu moti sint. 9. Nemo dubitabat quin mons a nostris tentus esset. D 1. I will ask that food may be supplied to you at once. 2. The multitude of the barbarians was so-great that our (men) were very- greatly terrified. 3. Nobody doubts that you have been well taught 4. You had been warned, but you did not obey. 5. Brave men will not be easily alarmed. 6. If you had been injured, there is no doubt your friends would have wept. 7. Let us not be alarmed, citizens. Latin Exercise Book. 59 LIV. THIRD CONJUGATION.— Passive Voice. The Indicative Mood used Interrogatively. Obs. — NS appended to a word (usually the first word of the sentence) is a sign of interrogation ; as, Scribitne Cato 1 Is Cato writing ? Nonne scribit 1 Is he not writing f A 1. Learn Vocabulary 56, and revise Vocabularies 38 and 39 and the Indicative of regor. 2. Conjugate jringo in the Indicative Passive. 3. Write out the 1st Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Indicative Passive of— duco, mitto, vinco, and defendo. 4. Parse teggris, tegimini, tegiris, and tecti sumus. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — regebar. regeris. rectus eras. reguntur. regetur. regimini. recti erimus. regebaris. regSris. regentur. regebamini. recti eramus. 2. Turn these Verbs into the Active form, giving the meaning in English. C 1. Haec pulchra tabula a fratre meo picta est. 2. Victoria caput corona cingetur. 3. Estne soror tua caeca ? Nonne a cane ducitur ? 4. Mortuum domini corpus pallio tectum erat. 5. Nonne oppidum fortiter defendebatur ? 6. Legati missi sunt ut pacem orarent. 7. Naves ventibus et fluctibus frangentur. 8. Gallus quidam a Manlio occisus est. 9. Nonne Graecia a Persia olim invasa est? 10. Ab amici8 nostris defendemur. 11. Ad senatum post proelium missi sumus ut pacem proponeremus. D 1. "Was not Rome formerly surrounded by high walls ? 2. Were the gates of the town broken by the enemy ? 3. The gates of the city will be shut before night. 4. Hostages were sent to Caesar. 5. We shall not all be killed in the battle. 6. Many ships had been sent across the sea. 7. Many beautiful pictures are painted for the king. 60 The Beginner's LV. THIRD CONJUGATION.— Passive Voice. The Conjunctive Mood. Obs. — In summo monte = On the top of the mountain. In medio flumine = In the middle of the stream. In extremo ponte = At the end of the bridge. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 57, and revise Vocabularies 39 and 40 and the Conjunctive of regor. 2. Conjugate pingo in the Conjunctive Passive, 3. Write out the 1st Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Conjunctive Passive of — mittOy vinco, corrigo, and pono. 4. Parse ponamur, ponereris, positi essent, and ponamini. B 1. Eead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — regerer. regar. regaris. regamur. rectus sis. regereris. regeremur. regeremini. rectus esset. recti sitis. recti essetis. recti essent. 2. Turn the following Verbs into the Passive form — regas. regerem. rexerim. regamus. rexissem. regeret. regatis. rexisses. regeretis. rexerint. 1. Acies in media planitie instructa est ne subito oppugnaretur. 2. Nidus in sumtna arbore constructus est ne destrueretur. 3. Castra sub monte posita sunt ne cingerentur. 4. Non est dubiuin quin legati ad Senatum missi sint. 5. Fortiter pugnemus ut hostes vin- cantur. 6. Nostri milites tarn acriter pugnaverunt ut hostes victi sint. 7. Nemo dubitabat quin pax post proelium proponeretur. 8. In eo proelio Britanni tarn acriter pugnaverunt ut magna pars hostium occisa sit. 9. In summis Alpibus tantum est frigus ut nix ibi semper maneat. D 1. There is no doubt that the nest has been destroyed. 2. Who doubts that bread is eaten by all ? 3. Let the camp be pitched at-the- foot (sub) of the mountain. 4. Nobody doubts that peace will-be- sought after the battle. 5. The two armies engaged-in battle yester- day. 6. A nest is built in the top of that oak. 7. Let me read the letter. 8. The tower at the end of the bridge was destroyed. Latin Exercise Book. 61 LVI. FOURTH CONJUGATION.— Passive Voice. The Indicative Mood. Obs. — In antequam and priusquam, before that, quam is often separated from the rest of the word. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 58, and revise Vocabularies 43 and 44 and the Indicative of audior. 2. Conjugate punio in the Indicative Passive. 3. Write out the 3d Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Indicative Passive of — munio, aperiOy jinio, and vincio. 4. Parse sepelieris, sepeliebamur, sejnUti sumus, sepeliemini. B 1. Bead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — audimur. auditus es. audiebamini. audiemur. audiebatur. auditi erunt. auditi eratis. audiebaris. audieris. audimini. auditi erimus. audientur. 2. Turn the following Verbs into the Passive form — audimus. audies. audivi. auditis. audiebatis. audiebas. audient. audiveris. audiunt. audiemus. c 1. Ignavi milites a duce eras punientur. 2. Corpora occisorum heri aepulta sunt. 3. Portae urbis hodie aperientur. 4. Punieris, mi fili, nisi taceas. 5. Man us servi vinciebantur. 6. Moenia oppidi a militibus custodiuntur. 7. Litoia insulae navibus custodiebantur. 8. Castra nostra non prius nmnita erant quam barbari venerunt. 9. Romani gravi armorum onere impediebantur. 10. Bellum cum Britannis mox finietur. 11. Ovesne a pastoribus custodiuntur? 12. Roma moenibus munita est. 14. Nonne vox ducis in proelio saepe audita est ? D 1. Will the gates be opened to-day ? 2. Were not the hands of the captives bound? 3. You will be punished, boys, to-morrow. 4. The priest is clothed in (with) a white robe. 5. All animals are nourished by God. 6. The Britons used-to-be-clothed (impf.) with the skins of animals. 7. The gates of the city were shut before (that) the enemy came. 8. Where will the body be buried ? 62 The Beginner's LVIL FOURTH CONJUGATION.— PaaeiveVoice. The Conjunctive Mood. Rule 23. — There are two classes of Questions, Direct and Indirect ; the former takes the Indicative, and the latter the Subjunctive Mood. Direct.. — Quia epistolam scripsit ? Who has written the letter ? Indirect. — (Scio) quia earn scripserit. (/ know) who has written it. 0b$. — An Indirect Question always depends on some preced- ing word or clause. A 1. Revise Vocabularies 43-45, and the Conjunctive of audior. 2. Conjugate punio in the Conjunctive Passive. 3. Write out the 3d Person, Singular and Plural, of all the tenses of the Conjunctive Passive of — erudio, sepelio, aperio, and tincio. 4. Parse sepeliaris, sepdiremini, sepelireris, and sepultae essent. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — audiar. audiamur. audiremur. audiaris. audiretur. auditus sit. audiamini. audirentur. audiremini. auditi sitis. auditi essetis. auditus esses. 2. Turn these Verbs into the Active form, giving the mean- ing in English. C 1. Rogabo quis hanc epistolam miserit. 2. Scio ad quern epistola raissa sit. 3. Nescio cujus filia hodie sepulta sit 4. Captivi orabant ne manus vincirentur. 5. Dux curavit ut castra munirentur. 6. Nonne bonus vir curabit ut liberi sui bene nutriantur ? 7. Non dubito quin diligenter eruditus sis. 8. Moenia urbis diligenter custodiantur. 9. Corpora occisoram sub monte sepeliantur. 10. Judex filios saos vinciri jussit. 11. Placuitne Senatui ut portae templi aperirentur ? D 1. Has the general ordered the camp to be fortified ? 2. It pleased the general that the camp should be fortified. 3. Who was buried yesterday ? 4. I do not know who was buried yesterday. 5. I will ask where the body is buried. 6. The citizens besought the Senate that the war should be finished (inipf.). 7. Will not a good mother take care that her daughters are well trained ? Latin Exercise Book. 63 LVIII. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 50-57.) The Indicative Mood — Passive Voice. A 1. Learn once more Vocabularies 52-55, and the Indicative of amor, moneor, regor, and audior. 2. Write out and learn the Rules and Observations to Exercises 52-59. 3. Parse creammif terrebaris, ducemur, and pmiemini. B J. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — amabaris. moneris. # regeris. audi emu r. amabimur. monebamini, regeris. audimini. amamini. morteberis, regimini, audiuutur. amabuntur. monentur. regemur. audientur. 2. Say off the corresponding Active form of these Verbs, giving the meaning in English. C 1. Carthago, urbs florentissima, a duce Romano deleta eat. 2. Nonne rex sagitta vulneratur? 3. Acies in medio monte instructa est. 4. Darius, rex Peraiae, ab Alexandro Magno victus est. 5. Duae tunes in extreino ponte construentur. 6. Nautae maris periculis non facile terrentur. 7. Saepe contra eum monitus eras. 8. Pons ab Horatio fortiter tenebatur, 9. Barbari cum magna pernicie fugati sunt. 10. Obsidum manus non vinciuntur. 11. Graecia ab ingenti Persarum multitudine urvasa est. 13. Legati ad Senatum de pace mittentur. 14. Tota urbs adyentu regis movebitur. 15. Nonne Caesar de inorte sua monitus est ? D 1. Ambassadors were sent to Camillus, and be was created dictator. 2. Veryrmany Gauls were slain in battle with the Romans. 3. The state will be preserved by the wisdom of the Senate. 4. The tower at the end of the bridge was destroyed by the river. 5. The town will be soon attacked by our troops. 6. The mountain is held by the enemy. 7. Our camp was nearly surrounded. 8. Will the bodies of the slain be buried to-day ? 9. The march of our infantry will be impeded by the enemy. 64 The Beginner's LIX. RECAPITULATORY. {Exercises 50-57.) The Conjunctive Mood — Passive Voice. A 1 . Learn once more Vocabularies 56-58, and. the Conjunc- tive of amor, moneor, regor, and audior. 2. Write out and learn perfectly the rules for deriving the Passive from the Active. 3. Parse creeris, terreremur, ducamini, and punitae sint B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — ameris. monear. regaris. audireris. amaretur. monereris. regeremur. audiamur. amemini. moneamini. regamini. audiaris. amareris. monerentur. regantur. audiremur. 2. Say off the corresponding Active form of these Verbs, giving the meaning in English. c 1. Cave, liberi, ne puniamini. 2. Cives arma parant ne urbs oppugnetur. 3. Arma parentur et urbis porta* claudantur. 4. Nostri fortiter pugnaverunt ne castra expugnarentur. 5. Caesari placuit ut castra statim munirentur. 6. Pastorem rogabo ubi corpora occisorum sepulta sint. 7. Quia dubitat quin Roma altis moenibus cincta sit. 8. Nemo dubitabat quin pons a nostris teneretur. 9. Nescimus a quo sacerdos occisus sit. 10. Si rex venisset, tota urbs mota esset. 11. Nidus destrueretur, si avis eum in hac arbore construxisset. 12. Dux prius vulneratus est quam hostes victi sunt 13. Omnes scimus a quo inundus creatus sit. D 1. Your good mother will take care that you are taught well. 2. The hostages begged that food should be supplied to them. 3. There is no doubt that the enemy have been beaten. 4. Who doubts that the mountain is held by our troops ? 5. The camp was fortified after the victory in case (lest) it should be attacked. 6. I asked by whom the battle had been seen. 7. Nobody doubts that ambassadors have been sent to the Senate. 8. A good father will take care that his children are well fed and clothed. Latin Exercise Book. 65 LX. VERB INFINITE.— Participles. A There are three Participles besides Gerundives : — 1. Present Active, formed by adding — (i.) ans, (ii.) ens, (iii.) ens, (iv.) iens, to the root of the Present Indicative. 2. Future Active, formed by changing the final m of the Supine into rus. 3. Perfect Passive, formed by changing the final m of the Supine into s. Obs. — A Participle, being a kind of Verbal Adjective, must agree with its Substantive in Number, Gender, and Case ; thus, Begem regentem^ Rex recturus, Eegina rectum. B 1. Decline throughout — puer avians ; puer amaturus. 2. Proceed similarly with puella. 3. Say off the three Participles (after naming the principal parts) of — muto. domo. teneo. duco. mitto. punio. do. doceo. deleo. occido. scribb. aperio. 4. Give the three Participles of laudo in agreement with — (1) rex, (2) regibus, (3) reginarum, (4) reginas. c 1. Agricolae arantes. 2. Agri arati. 3. Lupus agnum terrens. 4. Nautae fabulas narrantes. 5. Discipulus legere discens. 6. Magistri discipulos docturi. 7. Se,rvus portas clausurus. 8. Femina portas clausura. 9. Urbs expugnata. 10. Naves fluctibus fractae. 11. Hostes victL 12. Nostri milites victim. 13. Oppidum moenibus cinctum. 14. Oppida moenibus cinctura. D 1. A nest having been built. 2. A bird about to build. 3. Pic- tures well painted. 4. The general going to send. 5. The Britons fighting for their country. 6. Animals about to sleep. 7. The camp quickly fortified. 8. Nothing broken. 9. Slaves set free. 10. Many slain. 11. Animals sleeping. 12. Scholars reading (ace). E 66 The Beginner's LXL VERB INFINITE— (continued). Infinitive Mood. There are three Tenses of the Infinitive Mood in each Voice — Present, Perfect, and Future. The Future Participle helps to form the Future Infinitive Active, and the Perfect Participle to form the Perfect Infinitive Passive. • .1 1 2 3 4 Active Voice, Passive Voice. Present. Perfect. Future. Present. Perfect. Future. am -are mon-ere reg -ere and -Ire amav-isse monn-isse rex -isse audiv-isse amatflrus esse moniturus esse recturus esse auditurus esse am -ari mon-eri reg -i aud -Iri amatuB esse monltus esse rectus esse auditus ease am&tum iri monltum iri rectum iri audltum iri Gerunds and Gerundives, Gerunds and Gerundives are similar in name and form, but in nature are essentially different. (1) A Gerund is a Verbal Substantive of the Neuter Gender, but must borrow the Infinitive Mood for its Nominative ; it is used only in the Singular. (2) A Gerundive is a Verbal Adjective, agreeing with its Substantive in Number, Gender, and Case. 4th Gonj. munio. punio. aperio. vincio. 1. Read off the three Tenses of the Infinitive Active of these Verbs. 2. Proceed similarly with the Infinitive Passive. 3. Give the Gerunds (Accusative and Genitive) of the same Verbs. 4. Say off the Gerundives of the same. Oral Exercise. 1st Cory. muto. do. servo, domo. 2d Conj. exerceo. doceo. deleo. video. 3d Conj\ duco, occido. mitto. scribo, Latin Exercise Book. 67 LXII. DEPONENT VERBS. Eule 24. — The Future Participle of any Verb may be conjugated with all the Tenses of the Verb sum; as, Amaturus sum, i" am about to love; Amaturi estis, You are going to love. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 64, and what is said of Deponent Verbs in your Latin Grammar. 2. Write out the Indicative of miror. 3. Write out the Infinitives and Participles, Active and Passive, of aro, terreo, duco, and finio. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — moraris. moretur. moratus. moratus es. morare. moraberis. morareris. moraturus. morati sint. morantor. morabatur. morabor. morandi. moratus aim. morans. 2. Give all the Participles of moror in agreement with virum, pueros, jmellis, and jpericvlum. C 1. Sacerdotes eos, qui in urbe morabantur, hortati sunt. 2. Feminae in deorum templis precabantur dum homines proeliabantur. 3. Quis dubitat quin Roraani Gallorum agros populaturi sint ? 4. Venerare Deum et voluptatem aspernare. 5. Graeciae templa maxime admir- amur. 6. Amici nostri eras venabuntur; eos comitemur. 7. Brit- anni cum Romania fluctibus impeditis proelinntur. 8. Hostes proelio superati montem occupare conaturi sint. 9. Admiramur lusciniae vocem et plumas pavonis. 10. Quis dubitat quin Hannibal Alpes superare conatus sit. 11. Brutus Oaesarem vulneravisse scitur. 12. Lupus Bomulum et Bemum nutrivisse dicitur. 13. Romulus Remum occidisse dicitur. D 1. Boys admire soldiers and their horses. 2. My father encourages me to learn diligently. 3. The Gauls will certainly endeavour to overcome the Germans. 4. You accompanied us yesterday; we will accompany you to-day. 5. Caesar, having encouraged the soldiers, drew-up (his) line-of-battle. 6. Let us admire the wisdom of God. 7. It is (the part) of a good man to reverence God. 8. Saturn is said to have come into Italy. 9. Having laid-waste the fields of the Gauls, the Germans attacked their camp. 68 The Beginner's LXIII. DEPONENT VERBS— (continued). RtJLE 25. — The Future Participle may be used to express a purpose ; as, Puella matrem consultura vSnit, The girl comes (about) to consult her mother. 0&«.— After " to pity," " remember," " forget," A Genitive Case is usually set. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 65, and revise Vocabulary 64. 2. Write out the Conjunctive of tueor. 3. Write out the Infini- tives and Participles, Active and Passive, of laudo, exerceo, tego, and munio. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — mereor. * merearis. meritus. meritus est. merens. merebor. mereremur. meriturus. meriti sitis. merendi. meremur. mereamini, meretor. meritus esse. mereri. 2. Give all the Participles of mereor in agreement with duce, militum, discipulos, and sororis. C 1. Deus aeternam vitam nobis pollicitus est. 2. Sapientis est Deum vereri et venerari. 3. Ohristiani est injuriaruin oblivisci. 4. Ne beneficiorum obliviscamur. 5. Pueri, pauperum misereri discite. 6. Titus missus cum equitatu ad castra venit. 7. Fere omnia animalia prolem tuentur. 8. Puer venit patrem consulturus. 9. Veritus hostium adventum, Titus castra muniri jusserat. 10. Tuebimur eos cives quorum agros populati estis. 11. Milites, qui ducis salute ra tuiti erunt, maximam laud em merebuntur. 12. Legati ad Senatum pacem petituri veniunt. 13. Kescimus quis in Italia recturus sit. D 1. Horatius is said to have slain three wounded brothers. 2. The general exhorted his soldiers to remember their country. 3. A good father will protect his children. 4. It is (the mark) of a good man to pity the miserable, 5. Let us forget injuries, my friends. 6. My master has promised me a reward. 7. I will endeavour to deserve the promised reward. 8. The lieutenants come to the camp (about) to consult Caesar, 9. Soldiers, ca11-tp*mind your wives and children. Exercise Book. 69 LXIV. DEPONENT VERBS— (concluded). Obs. 1. — The Imperfect Tense expresses either a continued action or an habitual one ;' thus, Caesar castra muniebat, Caesar was fortifying his camp, or, Caesar used to fortify his camp. Obs. 2. — With vescor to feed, and utor to use, Potior possess, abutor -abuse, With fungor perform, and fruor enjoy, An Ablative Case be sure to employ. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 66, and revise Vocabularies 64 and 65. 2. Write out the Imperative, Present and Future, of conor, tueor, obliviscor, and potior. 3. Write out the Gerunds and Participles of cohortor, vereor, fruor, potior. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — sequeris. sequerer. secutus. sequi. sequens. sequeris. sequere. sequendi. sequimini. secutus esse, sequaris. sequebar. secuturua. sequamini. secuti sitia. 2. Give all the forms of the Infinitive of — do, teneo, occido, punio, miror, vereor, and obliviscor. c 1. Dux proficiscitur, omnis exercitus sequitur. 2. Consul ad exercitum profectus, multi cives eum secuti sunt. 3. Galba equi- tatum misit ut copias Gallorum sequeretur. 4. Sequimini ducem ve8trum, mitites. 5. Omnium hominum, ut (as) mihi videtur, beatis- simus est agricola. 6. Britanni ansere et lepore non vescebantur. 7. Sapienter utimini tempore. 8. Omnes in patria nostra nati libertate fruuntur. 9. Navibus Graecorum potiti sumus. 10. Brutus, sorore Tarquinii natus, consul creatus est. 11. u£o tempore," inquit agnus, u non natus eram." D 1. Let us follow the example of our fathers. 2. The enemy have- gained-possession of the bridge. 3. The general had set out for (ad) the army before (that) the messenger had come. 4. Titus set-out with the cavalry, and ordered the infantry to follow. 5. Tultius was born of a noble mother (abL). 6. The Britons used spears and arrows. 7. Always speak the truth, and never tell-a-lie. 70 The Beginner's LXV. THIRD CONJUGATION IN IO. Obs. 1. — There are a few Deponents of this class declined like the Passive of Capio; as, patior, morior, egredior, progredior. Obs. 2. — The Imperative (2d Person Singular) of dico, duco, and facio is die, due, and fac. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 67, and revise Vocabularies 65 and 66 and the Verb capio. 2. Write out the 1st and 2d Person Singular of patior throughout. 3. Write out such parts of the Verb fugio as are like the Third Conjugation, omitting the Perfect-Stem Tenses. 4. Write out such parts of the Verb morior as are like the Fourth Conjugation, omitting the Perfect-Stem Tenses. B 1. Say off the 1st and 2d Person Singular throughout the Indicative and Conjunctive of — facio, rapio, patior, and egredior. 2. Give orally the Imperative of — dico, facio, fugio, and patior. 3. Give the Present Infinitive and the Gerund of — facio, fugio, patior, potior, and morior. c 1. Reges bellum et pacem faciunt. 2. Die mini ubi corpus canis abjecerifi. 3. Barbari tela in nostros conjiciunt. 4 Hostes superati fugere conati sunt. 5. Nescimus quid facias. 6. Nesciebamus quid faceres. 7. Tarn territi sunt hostes ut trans fluvium fugiant. 8. Fac iter nobiscum trans mare. 9. Due, amice, ego sequar. 10. Ita vivamus ut beate moriamur. 11. Nostri impetum in hostes faciunt et multos ex iis interficiunt. 12. Consules ex urbe egredi- untur et ad castra nostra progrediuntur. D 1. After the war the consuls will return to the city. 2. Many men make journeys into other lands. 3. It is sweet to die for (one's) country. 4. Friends, let us die for our wives and children. 5. Great fishes seize-upon small (ones). 6. Who doubts that the town is taken ? 7. Tell us where the enemy have fled. 8. The city is taken ; the citizens flee, and the soldiers are-carrying-off their goods. 9. The consul having cheered-on the cavalry returned to the infantry. in Exercise Book. 71 LXVI. ANOMALOUS VERBS. On Possum, Volo, and Nolo. Eule 26. — The compounds of Sum, except Possum, govern the Dative. They are conjugated like Sum, but prosum takes d before e. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 68, and how to decline possum, volo, and nolo. 2. Conjugate prosum in the Present-Stem Tenses. 3. Parse vultis, velitis, vellemus, nonvis, poterunt, potuerunt. B 1. Eead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — potes. possumus. vis. velim. nolunt nolis. potero. poteratis. vultis. vellemus. noles. nolles. potui. potuimus. volam. velimus. nolui. nolitis. 2. Say off the meaning of the Prepositions that are com- pounded with Sum, namely — ab, ad, de, in, inter, ob, prae, pro, sub, super. c 1. GaUi se defendere contra Romanos non potuerunt. 2. Potestne Deus omnia facere ? 3. Non dubito quin Deus omnia facere possit. 4. Naves tenere cursum non possunt. 5. Clari esse omnes non pos- sumus. 6. Titus exercitui praefuit. 7. Canes pastoribus prosunt. 8. Boni est pastoris oves adesse. 9. Nemo dubitat quin nobis pro- desse voluena. 10. Nemo dubitabat quin nobis obesse nolles. 11. Si beati esse vultis, peccare nolite. 12. Victis parcere Caesar voluit, Nero noluit. 13. visne mihi prodesse ? Tibi obesse nolo. 14. Non est dubium quin tibi prodesse possim. D 1. I can paint, my brother can write, (and) we can all read. 2. We are not able to know all (things). 3. All (persons) wish to see Rome. 4. Cassivellaunus was-at-the-head of all the forces of the Britons. 5. Who doubts that we are able to take the city ? &. Every one wished to-be-of-service to us. 7. Titus was unwilling to set-out for (ad) the army. 8. My little brother wishes to walk, but he is not able. 9. To good men friends will not be wanting. 10. We do not know why he is unwilling to stand-by his friend. 72 The Beginner's LXVII. ANOMALOUS VERBS— {continued). Malo, Fero, and Fio. Obs. — Alter is one of two ; alius, one of a number. Translate — alter . . . alter, the one . . . the other. alios . . . alius, one . . . another. alii . . . alii, some . . . others. A 1. Learn Vocabulary 69, and how to conjugate malo, fero, and fio. 2. Write out the Passive of fero. 3. Give the Genitive and Dative, in both Numbers, of alter and alius. 4. Parse mavult, malam, tulerim, /eras, fiaiis, ferte. B 1. Eead off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — mavis. malis. fers. ferretis. fiunt. fiamus. males. mallem. fertis. feratis. fient. fierem. malui. malimus. feretis. ferte. fiant. fiebas. 2. Decline together — alter liber ; alius liber ; altera jpluma ; aliapluma; alteram scutum ; aliud scutum. C 1. Alii scribere alii pingere malunt. 2. Quis dubitat quin omnes beate vivere malint 1 3. Alii captivos occidere alii liberare volebaut. 4. Cato mori quam cedere maluit. 5. Alius amari, alius timeri mavult. 6. Hie puer clarus fiet, ille infamis. 7. Miles multa peri- cula fert. 8. Nemo fit subito improbus. 9. Ferat criminis poenam. 10. Senectus pluriaiis prudentiam affert. 1 1. Milites frumentum ex agris in castra conferebaut. 12. Onus, quod patienter fertur, levius fit. 13. Civitatem, quam tueri poterant, perturbare maluerunt. D 1. Nobody can become good all-at-once. 2. Virtue brings happi- ness. 3. The days become brighter in summer. 4. Who doubts that the nights become longer in winter ? 5. No-one doubts that a farmer undergoes great toil. 6. All sailors undergo many perils. 7. Some prefer to read, others to write. 8. One brother preferred to-be- serviceable to his country, the other to do it harm. 9. Bear toils patiently, my son. Latin Exercise Book. 73 LXVIII. ANOMALOUS VERBS— (cotictudcd). Eo and its Compounds. A Rule 27. — Ad (with the Accusative) is the Latin for to after a Verb of Motion, and a or ab (with the Abla- tive) is the Latin for from; but the Preposition is omitted before the name of a town or small island. Obs. — In is used instead of ad whenever " to " means into. Ex „ „ ab „ "from" „ out of. Motion to. Motion from. (1) Ad Caesarem ) (1) A Caesare ) (2) Komam > iit (went). (2) Roma > venit (came). (3) In Italiam ) (3) Ex Italia ) Obs. — In all the Perfect Tenses v is frequently omitted. B 1. Read off the English, naming Mood and Tense, of — ibas. adiit. rediam. obiit. transirem. ite. ibo. abeunt. redires. perimus. transiturus. eunto. ibis. exit. redibo. mteribunt. adeamus. eundi. 2. Say off the Latin (supplying iit or venit) for — From the camp. From Greece. From Alexander. To Britain. To the general. To Greece. From Alexandria. To Capua. To the army. From Sparta. From the Germans. From Spain. c 1. Exercitus ex agris in urbem iit 2. Obsides a Gallis ad Sena- tum veneraut. 3. Consules Roma post hiemem abierunt. 4. Multae aves trans mare ante hiemem abibunt 5. Vere redibunt. 6. Ger- mani Ehenum transierunt et in Gallorum fines venerunt. 7. Pulsi ex Italia in Graeciam eamus. 8. Helvetii ex alia civitate in aliam ire yolebant. 9. " Proficiscamur " inquit, uad bellum, et in proelio cum Gallis obeamus." 10. Cicero navem conscendit in Macedoniam trans- iturus. 11. Quum animi nostri ex corporibus exierint, non interi- bunt. D 1. The general will shortly return to the army. 2. Very-many (persons) wish to go to Rome. 3. Driven from Sparta, they went to Alexandria. 4. The Helvetii begged that they might cross the Rhone. 5. After death the body perishes ; the soul will never perish. 6. Who doubts that Hannibal crossed the Alps with an army ? 7. Many of the enemy perished in that battle. 74 The Beginner's LXIX. ADVERB& Derivation and Comparison. Adverbs derived from Adjectives of the First or Second Declension end in e, and those from Adjectives of the Third Declension generally end in ter ; as, pulchre, beautifully, from pulcher ; fortiter, bravely, from fortis. The Comparatives and Superlatives of Adverbs are similar to those of Adjectives ; only the Comparative ends in us, and the Superlative in e. Adjectives. Adverbs. 9 Pos. Comp. Super* £oS. Comp. Super. dignus audax pulcher similis bonus malus dignior audacior pulchrior similior melior pejor dignissimuB audacissimus pulcherrimus Bimillimus optimus pessimus digne audacter pulchre similiter bene male dignius audaciuB pulchrius similius melius pejus \ dignissime audacissime pulcherrime simillime optime pessime Oral Exercise. 1. Eead off the English of the following Adjectives, and then compare them — beatus. benignus. verus. gravis. mirabilis. fidelis. miser. acer. aeger. sapiens, prudens. diligens. splendidus. timidus. certus. velox. felix. simplex. 2. Derive Adverbs from these Adjectives, giving their mean- ing in English. 3. Compare the same Adverbs. Written Exercise. 1. Always speak kindly. 2. The best scholar does not always write the best. 3. The worthiest scholar always woiks most diligently. 4. Our soldiers fought more bravely than the enemy. 5. The Britons fought most vigorously. 6. Our general acts very prudently. 7. Titus has acted moie wisely than his brother. 8. Who doubts that God rules the world most wisely '( 9. This soldier is wounded moie seriously than that (one). 10. That horse can run more swiftly than this (one). 11. The Britons used-to-fight more boldly than the Gauls. 12. Elephants are tamed more easily than lions. Latin Exercise Book. 75 LXX. THE ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. Explanation. An independent clause, consisting of a Noun and a Parti- ciple in agreement with each other in the Ablative Case, is called in Latin the Ablative Absolute; as, (1) Gallis victis, Caesar rediit, The Gauls having been conquered, Caesar returned ; (2) Duce hortante, milites fortiter pugnant, The general cheer- ing-on, the soldiers fight bravely; (3) Urbe capfvrd, cives terrentur, The city just going to be taken, the citizens are alarmed. When a Noun or Adjective is used instead of the Participle in the Absolute Clause, the word being must be supplied in English; as, (1) Cicerone consule, Cicero being consul; (2) Mortuo Sulla, Sulla being dead. There are many ways of translating the Ablative Absolute, e.g., Hoc facto, tutus eris: (1) This being done, you will be safe ; (2) Having done this, etc. ; (3) After doing this, etc. ; (4) If you do this, etc. ; (5) When you have done this, etc. ; (6) On doing this, etc. Exercise. 1. Form the Ablative Absolute — (1.) By using the Perfect Participle of occido with rex. duces. hie homo. is. timida ovis. regina. servi. haec puella. qui. ferox lupus. (2) By using the Present Participle of vivo with the same. (3) By using moriturus, the Future Participle of mori, with the same. 2. Translate into English — 1. Urbe capta, cives fugerunt. 2. Equo vulnerato, dux fugere non poterat. 3. Navibus fractis, Romani redire nonpoterant. 4. Vas- tatis omnibus agris, hostes urbem oppugnant. 5. race facta, Marius in Italiam rediit. 6. Helvetii, Caesare invito, flumen transire non potuerunt 7. Cocnito Caesaris adventu, Galli obsides ad eum mittunt. 8. His rebus auditis, Germani Rhenum transeunt. 9. Ser- vus, abjecto gladio, fQgit. 10. Alpibus superatis, Hannibal in Italiam venit. 11. His paratis rebus, Marius aciem instruxit. 1 2. Hieme ventura, multae aves in alias terras migrant. 76 The Beginner's LXXI. ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE. Explanation. When a simple statement of fact stands as the subject or object of some Verb, it is expressed in Latin by the Accusative and Infinitive — the Accusative being used for the Nominative and the Infinitive for the Indicative, e.g. — (1) Video te adesse = I see (that) you are present. (2) Certum est te adesse = It is certain (that) you are present. In (1) "te adesse" is the object of the Verb video; in (2) it is the subject of the Verb est. This construction is accordingly used after verbs of declaring, perceiving, thinking, knowing, hoping, or believing ; and after such expressions as — notum est, it is hwwn ; constat, it is agreed, it is certain, etc. Rules for translating into English. In translating the Accusative-and-Innnitive clause into English — 1. Begin with the word that. 2. Translate the Accusative by the Nominative. 3. Translate the Infinitive by the corresponding Indicative. 4. Remember that the Latin Infinitive has only one form for the Present and Imperfect Tenses, and one for the Perfect and Pluperfect. Examples — I J Videt te venire, " { Vidit te venire, o ( Audit te venisse, j Audi it te venisse, 3. Credit se amari, He sees that you are coming. He saw that you were coming. He hears that you have come. He heard that you had come. He believes that he is loved. Exercise in translating. 1. Certum est sol em in coelo esse. 2. Certum est pisces in mari vivere. 3. Audio regem in urbe heri fuisse. 4. Scio hostes fugisse. 5. Dicitur nos vicisse. 6. Multas aves migrare notum est. 7. Hanni- balem in Italiam venisse constat. 8. Scimus Caesarem in Britanniam transiisse. 9. Constat Britannos fortiter pugnavisse. 10. Credo me a te amari. 11. Dicitur pontem a nostris teneri. 12. Dicit te saepe laudari. 13. Te saepe consuli audimus. 14. Omnes scimus agricolas arare. 15. Quis nescit aves saepe cantare ? Latin Exercise Book. 77 LXXII. ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE—^/***/). Rules for translating into Latin. 1. When the Infinitive of the Accusative-and-Infinitive clause partly consists of a Participle, the latter agrees with the Accusative in Number, Gender, and Case — o (1) me amaturum esse. (2) nos amaturos esse. (3) earn amaturam esse. | ^ ( (1) I shall love. j| J < (2) we shall love. k, ( (3) she. will love. | *♦ I (1) I have been loved. ^ j| < (2) we have been loved. ■s ( W s^e ^as oeen l°ved' q I (1) me amatum esse. *8 < (2) nos amatos esse. ( (3) earn amatam esse. 2. The Noun or Adjective that follows the Verb " To be " must be put in the Accusative Case when the clause to which either belongs is rendered in Latin by the Accusative and Infinitive — . (1) It is certain that you are my friend = Cerium est te amicum meum esse. (2) I know that yon are faithful =*= Scio tefidelem esse. Obs. — In an Accusative-and-Infinitive clause there is often a second Noun in the Accusative Case governed by the Infinitive ; as, Scimus Bomanos Gallos vicisse, We know that the Romans conquered the Gauls. Exercise in translating. 1. He says that — I love. we love, you loved, they loved. I shall love, we shall love, you will love, they will love. the boy will love, the girl will love, the boys will love, the girls will love. I am just, she is just, he is just, they are just. 2. We know that — she is loved. she has been loved, he is loved. he has been loved, they are loved. they have been loved. she will be loved, he will be loved, they will be loved. N.B. — The Pronoun must always be expressed when it occurs in an Accusative-and-Infinitive clause. 78 The Beginner's VOCABULARIES. 1. R5ma, f Home. rSglna, f . a queen* cttrdna, f. a crown, f emlna, f a woman. ptlella, f a girl. nlia, f a daughter. rflsa, f arose. spina, f. a thorn. aqulla, f an eagle* penna, f. a feather, a pen. poeta, m a poet. porta, f a gate, 2. amicus, m a friend, fllius, m a son. servus, m a slave. equus, m a horse. ttculus, m an eye. nasus, m a nose. hortus, m a garden. murus, m a wall. et and. 3. minister, tri, m. a servant, liber, bri, m. ... a book. ftger, gri, m afield. aper, pri, m a wild boar. disclpiilus, i, m. a scholar. Deus, i, m. God. vita, ae, f l\fe. gl5ria> ae, £ glory. 4. regnum, n a kingdom, oppldum, n a town. templum, n a temple, donum, n a gift. bellum, n war, scutum, n a shield* mStallum, n. ... a metal. aurum, n gold. argentum, n. ... silver. ferrum, n iron. plumbum, n. ... lead, 5. hasta, ae, f. a spear. gladius, i, m. ... a sword, culter, tri, m. ... a knife. taurus, i, m a bull. epistdla, ae, f. ... a letter. insula, ae, f. an island, dillgentia, ae, f. diligence. vinum, i, n wine, Italia, ae, f. Italy. 6. altus, a, urn high. magnus, a, urn... great, parvus, a am ... little, small, longus, a, um ... long. latus, a, um wide, broad. malus, a, um ... bad, wicked. cams, a, um dear. actLtus, a, um . . . sharp, albus, a, um white. Latin Exercise Book. 79 flavus, a, um yellow. multuB, a um many. splendldus, a, um splendid, bright. meus, um my. 7. timer, era, erum ...... tender. miser, era, erum ...... wretched, pulcher, chra, chrum beautiful. nlger, gra, arum black. ruber, bra, brum red. sacer, era, erum ...... sacred. aeger, gra, grum sick, ill, columba, ae , a dove. ala, ae ....awing. nume'rus, i , number. ▼eras, a, um true, judex, Icis, m. rex, gis, m. ... dux, cis, m. .... pater, tris, m. frater, trie, m. color, oris, m. oclor, oris, m. flos, oris, m. ... mos, oris, m'. leo, onis, m. ... pavo, onis, m. Juno, onis, f. miles, Itis, m. comes, Itis, c. vftrius, a, um v&lldus, a, um 9. ... a judge. ...a king. . . . a leader, a general ... a father. ...a brother. ... colour. ... odour. ... a flower, ... a custom. ... a lion. ... a peacock. ... Juno. ... a soldier* ...a companion. ... various. ... strong, 10. pes, pfidis, m. ... afoot. obses, Idis, c. .., a hostage, Caesar, aris, m. Caesar. anser, 6ris, c. ... a gander, a goose. homo, Inis, c. a human being, man. juvgnis, is, c. ... a youth. ignis, is, m Jire. lSpis, Idis, m. ... a stone. cftnis, is, c a dog. sanguis, Inis, m. blood. finis, is, m an'end. rabldus, a, um... mad. benignus, a, um kind. gratus, a, um . . .pleasing, agreeable. non not. n. multltftdo, Inis, f . a multitude. virgo, Inis, f. ... a maiden. mater, tris, f. ... a mother. avis, is, f a bird. apis, is, f a bee. oVis, is, f a sheep. vulpes, is, f a fox. olades, is, f loss, slaughter. mors, tis, f death. nix, nlvis, f snow. lux, cis, f light. turris, is, f a tower. urbs, bis, f a city. clvis, is, c a citizen. hostis, is, c an enemy. tlmldus, a, um... timid. 12. l&gio, 5nis, f a legion. lex, lSgis, f law. pax, pacis, f peace. navis, is, f a ship. classis, is, f a fleet. vestis, is, f a garment. laus, dis, f. praise. Imago, Inis, f . ...an image. sdror, oris, f. ... a sister. pastor, oris, m. ... a shepherd. clvltas, atis, f. ... a state. tempestas, atis, f . a storm. nauta, ae, m. ... a sailor. somnus, i, m. ... sleep. clarus, a, um ... clear, famous, re- Justus, a, um ... just. [nowned. 80 The Beginner's 13. mel, mellis, n. ... honey. animal, alia, n. ... an animal. flumen, Inis, n. ... a streamy river. nomen, Inis, n. ... a name. caput, Itis, n. ... a head. mare, maris, n. ... the sea. Iter, Itinera, n. a journey, march. Opus, ens, n. ... work. vulnus, 6ris, n. a wound. corpus, Oris, n. ... the body. tempus, Oris, n. time. minis, a, um wonderful. m&lestus, a, um troublesome.. certus, a, um ... certain. incertus, a, um... uncertain. 15. arcus, us, m. ... a bow. l&cus, us, m. a lake. gradus, us, m. | passus, Us, m. \ F nuctus, us, m. ... a wave. portus, us, m. ... a port, a harbour. vultus, us, m. ... the look, the coun- s6nus, i, m. . ) . [tenance. sflnltus, Os, m. j 8ernlcies, 6i, f. ... destruction. una, ae, f the moon. sdl, is, m. the sun. nox, noctis, f. ... a nigld. noxius, a, um ... hurtful. 18. fortis, e brave, strong. tristis, e sad. omnis, e all. f&cllis, e easy. difhcllis, e difficult. dulcis, e sweet. mortftlis, e mortal. immortalis, e ... immortal. brevis, e short, atllis, e useful. gravis, e heavy, serious. Ievis, e light, slight. praemium, i, n. a reward. furor, oris, m. ... madness. animus, i, m. ... the mind, the soul. 19. ffirox, ocis fierce. velox, ocis swift. audax, ficis bold. felix, Icis .♦ successful, fortu- nate, happy. infSlix, Icis unsuccessful, un- fortunate, unhappy. ptttens, tie powerful. Latin Exercise Book. 81 pradens, tie prudent. ingens, tis immense, huge. sapiens, tis wise. mlrabilis, e wonderful. fldelis, e faithful. elephantus, elephant. Bed but. 21. &qua, ae, f. water. clbus, i, m food. aslnus, i, m an ass. digitus, i, m. ... a finger. annus, i, m. ...... a year. mensis, is, m. ... a month. simplex, Icis simple. dillgens, tis diligent. quam than. 22. Brltanni,6rum,m. Britons, British. slmllis, e like. disslmllis, e unlike. fracilis, e ;... slender. umllis, e low. celer, eris, ere ;.. swift. acer, cris, ere ... sharp, keen. liber, era, erum free. nullus, a, um ... no, none. os, oris, n. mouth. 8s, ossis, n bone. pdpulus, m a people. 23. ver, veris, n spring. aestas, atis, f. ... summer. auctumnus, i, m. autumn. hiems, emis, f. ... winter. sapientia, ae, f. ... wisdom. laus, dis, f praise. nihil, n. (indecL ) nothing. aut or. Romanus a Roman. vfitus, 6ris old. dives, Itis rich. 24. hen yesterday. hodie to-day. eras to-morrow. pauper, ens, poor. laetus, a, um ... glad, joyous. fortuna, ae, fortune. 25. semper always. olim formerly, at one time. diu long. imprdbus, a, um wicked. pictor, oris, m.... a painter. Onus, 6ris, n. ... a weight, a burden. mgmor, oris, mindful. 26. parens, tis, C; a parent. patria, ae, f. ... {one 's) fatherland. Justus, a, um ...just. aeternus, a, um eternal. attentus, a, um attentive. fortlter ;..; ;. bravely. maxlme very much, very highly. castra, drum, n. a camp. 29. stella, ae, f. ...... a star. caelum, i, n the sky. vlrldis, e green. ndvus, a, um new. vir,1 i, m a man. virtus, utis, f. ... manliness, virtue. Socrates, is Socrates. Britannia, ae ... Britain. Slcllia, ae Sicily. 30. aro, Svi, atum, 1 to plough. canto, etc to sing. 1 Homo is a human being (man or woman), vir is a roan only. 82 The Beginner's laudo, etc to praise. monstro, etc. ... to point out. paro, etc to get ready. porto, etc to carry. pugno, etc to fight. vasto, etc to lay waste. agricdla, ae, m. a husbandman, a farmer. terra, ae, f. earth, land. lusclnia, ae, £. ... nightingale. agnus, i, m. a lamb. carmen, Inis, n. a song. 81. celo, avi, Stum, 1 to conceal. fugo, etc. to put to flight, rout. Intro, etc to enter. libera, etc to set free. n&to, etc to swim. opto, etc to wish, wish-for. orno, etc to deck, adorn. ostento, etc to show, show off. spero, etc to hope9hopefor. volo, etc to fly. piscis, is, m. a fish. aer, is, m. air. pluvia, ae, f . ... rain. silva, ae, f a tcood. quum when. 32. ambulo, avi, fitum, 1 to walk. do, dedi, datum, 1 ... to give. sto, st£ti, statum, 1 to stand. dftmo, ui, I turn, 1 ... to tame. labdro, avi, atum, 1 to work. Oro, etc to entreat, pray. ■"^ | eta to keep, preserve. conservo, ) r9 * vlgllo, etc to keep watch. anna, drum, n. ... arms. castra, drum, n. a camp. consul, ulis, m. a consul. ut that. si if nisi unless. mi, vocative of meus. 33. muto, Svi, atum, 1 to change. narro, etc to relate. judlco, etc to judge. vlto, etc to avoid. fabula, ae, f. a story. coelum, i, n. the sky. llbSri, drum, m. children. mores, um, m. manners, character. nemo, Inis, c. ... nobody. imprdbus, a, um wicked. jucundus, a, um pleasant. debllis, e feeble. semper alioays. saepe often. 35. coerced, ui, Itum, 2 to curb, restrain. debeo, etc to owe, ought. exerceo, etc. to exercise. floreo, etc to flourish. habeo, etc. to have, hold. mereo, etc to deserve. mdneo, etc to warn, advise. praebeo, etc to yield, supply. terreo, etc to terrify, alarm. tlmeo, etc to fear. impetus, us, m. ... an attack. lingua, ae, f. a tongue. diu long. quia because. et . . . et both . . . and. 36. caveo, cavi, cautum, 2 to take heed. doceo, cui, ctum, 2 ... to teach. jaceo, cui, 2 to lie down. teneo, ui, tentum, 2... to hold. video, vldi, visum, 2... to see. alius, a, ud another. Ibi there. acriter sharply, viyoro usly. lupus, i a wo\f. pastor, oris, m. ... a shepherd. Latin Exercise Book. 83 37. n&ceo, ui, Itum, 2 \ •*» to injure. pareo, etc., 2 I *e to obey. placeo, etc., 2 ... I •$ to please. displlceo, etc., 2 ) '£ to displease. jubeo, jussi, jussum, 2 to order. taceo, cui, cltum, 2 ... to be silent. deleo, evi, etum, 2 ... to destroy. fleo, evi, etum, 2 to weep. pecco, avi, a turn, 1 ... to sin. sapiens, entis wise. stultus, a, urn foolish. statim , immediately. 38. rego, xi, etum, 3 tego, xi, etum, 3 cingo, nxi, nctum, 3... jungo, nxi, etum, 3... dico, xi, etum duco, xi, etum, 3 struo, xi, etum, 3 ... instruo, xi, etum, 3... defendo, di, sum, 3... occido, di, sum, 3 ... claudo, si, sum, 3 ... scribo, psi, ptum, 3... pingo, nxi, pictum, 3 tabula, ae, f. copiae, arum, f pallium, i, n lnfldelis, e to rule, to cover, to surround, encircle, to join, to say, tell, to lead, to build, to arrange, to draw up. to defend, to kill, to shut, to write, to paint, a painting, forces, a cloak, unfaithful. 39. raitto, mlsi, missum, 3 vinco, vici, victum, 3 lego, legi, lectum, 3... p£to, pStivi, pgtitum, posco, poposci, 3 legatus, i, m. an barbarus, i, m proelium, i, n dum to send, to conquer, to read. 3 to seek, beseech, to demand, ambassador. a barbarian, a battle, while. Hannibal, alis, m. ... Hannibal. Hispania, ae, f Spain. 40. corrigo, rexi, rectum, 3 to correct. committo,1 isi, issum 3... to send to- gether. pono, pdsui, pdsltum, 3 to place. impono, etc., 3 to set, put. Sropono, etc., 3 to propose. isco, dldlci, 3 to learn. 6do, 6di, eaum, 3 to eat. vivo, vixi, victum, 3 to live. Pyrrhus, i, m. Pyrrhus. 41. pasco, pavi, pastum, 3 to feed. vlr, vlri, m a man. virtus, utis, f. ... manliness, virtue. beatus, a, um blessed. beate happily. nunquam never. semper always. 43. audio, ivi, itum, 4 ... to Jtear. custodio, etc., 4 to guard. dormio, etc., 4 to sleep. finio, etc., 4 to finish. munio, etc., 4 to fortify. punio, etc., 4 to punish. 8@pelio, etc., 4 to bury. ap€rio, rui, rtum, 4... to open. venio, veni, ventum, 4 to come. vincio, vinxi, vinctum, 4... to hind. vinco, vici, victum, 3 to conquer. plger, gra, grum lazy. captlvus, i, 2 a captive. dum while. jam already. mox soon, shortly. 1 Proelium committere, to engage in battle. 84 The Beginner's 44. ertidio, ivi, itum, 4 to train, instruct. impgdio, etc., 4... to hinder, check, euro, avi, atum, 1 to take care. mortuus, a, urn... dead. sacerdos, Otis, c. ...priest, priestess. m 45. scio, ivi, itum, 4 to know. nescio, etc., 4 ...to be ignorant of, inquit (defective)...^ says, he said. too, emi, emptum, 3 to buy. natura, ae, f. nature. Victoria, ae, f victory. mens, tis, f. the mind. amor, oris, m love. sanltas, atis, f health. auris, is, f an ear. nullu8, a, um none, no. facile easily. diligenter carefully, diligently. sed but. Gallus, i, m a Gaul. Gallia, ae, f. Gaul. Germanus, i, m a German. Rhenus, i, m the Rhine. 52. appello, avi, atum, 1 to call. conellio, etc.,1... to conciliate. creo, etc., 1 to create. oppugno, etc., 1 to storm, attack. expugno, etc., 1 to take by storm. narro, etc., 1 ... to relate. vulnero, etc., 1 to wound. sagitta, ae, f. ... an arrow. victlma, ae, f. ... a victim. classis, is, f a fleet. Alexander, dri, m.... Alexander. 53. anno, avi, atum, I... to arm. ci vitas, atis, f. ... the state. dictator, oris, m. dictator. acriter sharply, vigorously. strenue busily, actively. \ tarn so. fere almost. Iterum a second time. 54. agnus, i, m a lamb. lupus, i, m a wolf. reus, i, m an accused person. pgrlculum, i, n. danger. Persa, ae, m. ... a Persian. hen yesterday. hOdie to-day. eras , to-morrow. maxlme very greatly. olim formerly, at one time. omnino entirely. 55. dublto, avi, Stum, I. ..to doubt. m&veo, movi, motum, 2. ..to move. dubius, a, um ... doubtful. totus, a, um whole. tantus, a, um ...so great. nemo, Inis, m. ... nobody. multitudes Inis, f . multitude. adventus, us, m. coming, arrival. clto quickly. quin that, but that. 56. invado, si, sum, 3 to invade. frango, fregi, fractum, 3 to break. oppldum, i, n. ... a town. pallium, i, n. ... a cloak. victor, oris, m. a conqueror. ventus, i, m. ...the wind. ductus, us, m. ... a wave. caecus, a, um ... blind. quidam, quaedam, quoddam a certain one. Manlius, i, m. ... Manlius. 57. construo, xi, ctum, 3 to build. destruo, xi, ctum, 3... to destroy. maneo, si, sum, 2 to remain. Latin Exercise Book. 85 nidus, i, m a nest. panis, is, m bread. pars, tis, f apart. irigus, 6ris, n. ... cold. Alpes, ium, m. ... the Alps. summus, a, urn highest. mgdius, a, am ... middle. extremus, a, urn outBmost. stlblto suddenly. Britannus, i, m. a Briton. 58. nutrio, ivi, Itum, 4.. Jo nourish. vestio, etc., £ .* fr clothe. vestis, is, f a garment. pellis, is, L skin. sacerdos, otis, c. priest, priestess. litus, dris, n. ... a shore. onus, 8ris, n. ... a weight, a load. moenia, ium, n. walls. anna, drum, n. arms. ignavus, a, urn inactive, cowardly. occisus, a, um ... slain. ubi where. T^Z.1 Wore that. priusquam \ ' 64. mdror, atus sum, 1 to delay, retard. hortor, ) . , j to exhort, cheer ctihortor, ( *' J cm, encourage. Xfror, | •*«•• l to "J™*- precor, etc., 1 ... to pray. proelior, etc., 1 to fight, engage in battle. to lay waste, to reverence, to accompany. pdpulor, etc., 1 vfingror, etc., I cdmltor, etc., 1 aspernor, etc., 1 to despise. venor, etc., 1 ... to hunt. stipero, fivi, atum, I... to overcome, to pass over. occiipo, etc., I... to take possession, occupy. certe certainly. vox, vocis voice. 65. conor, Stus sum, 1... to endeavour, attempt. polllceor, Xtus sum, 2 to promise. vereor, Itus, sum, 2 to revere, fear. tueor, Itus sum, 2 to protect, look mereor, Itus sum, 2 to deserve, [to. mlsereor, erltus and ertus sum, 2 to pity. obliviscor, oblltus sum, 3 to forget. remlniscor, , 3 to call to mind. consulo, ui, ultum, 3 to consult. injuria, ae, f an injury. ben&flcium, i, n a benefit. Christianus, i, m. ... a Christian. legatus, i, m an ambassador, a lieutenant. proles, is, f young, offspring. uxor, oris, f. a wife. salus, utis, f safety. 66. vldeor, visus sum, 2 to seem. vescor, , 3 to eat, feed. fungor, ctus sum, 3 to perform, fruor, frultus and [discharge. - fructus sum, 3 to enjoy. utor, usus sum, 3 ... to use. nascor, natus, sum, 3 to be born. sSquor, sficutus sum, 3 to follow. l&quor, l6cutus sum, 3 to speak. prflflciscor, prdfectus sum, 3 to set out. pfttior, p6titus sum, 4 to gain pos- mentior, mentitus {session of. sum, 4 to tell a Ue. exemplum, i, n example. verum, i, n the truth. nuntius, i, m a messenger. lepus, 6ris, m a hare. nobllis, e noble. 86 The Beginner's 67. facio, feci, factum, 3 to do, make. jacio, jeci, jactum, 3 to throw, hurl. abjlcio, jeci, jectum, Zto cast away. conjlcio, jeci, jectum, 3 to cast. capio, cepi, captum, 3 to take. rapio, ui, ptum, 3 to carry off, to seize upon. fugio, fugi, Itum, 3 to flee. interflcio, feci, fectum, 3 to slay. morior, mortuus sum, 3 to die. patior, passus sum, 3 to suffer. egrfidior, egressus sum, 3 to go out. progrSdior, etc., 3 to advance. regrfidior, etc., 3... to go back. telum, i, n. a weapon, dart. alius, a, ud another. 68. cur why. curro, cticurri, cursum, 3 to run. cursus, us, m. ... a course. victus, a, um ... conquered. parco, pgperci, parsum, 3 to spare (gov. the dot.) absum to be absent. adsum ... to be present, to stand by. desum to be wanting. intersum to be between. obsum to be in the way of, to be hurtful to. praesum ... to be at the head of. prosum to be serviceable to. subeum ... to be under, or amongst: supersum... to remain over, survive. 69. fero, ttili, latum, ferre... to carry, bear, undergo. afffero, attuli, allatum, afferre, to bring to. conf ero, conttQi, collatum, conferre, to bring together. retero, retuli, relatum, referre, to bring bach, relate. perturbo, ftvi, atum, 1, to throw into confusion. cedo, cessi, cessum, 3 to yield. poena, ae, f. a punishment. prudentia, ae, f. ... prudence. frumentum, i, n. ... grain, corn. crimen, Inis, n. ... a crime. senectus, utis, f. ... old age. felicltas, Stis, f. ... happiness. infamis, e infamous. patienter patiently. 70. abeo, ii, Itum, ire, to go away. adeo, etc to go to. exeo, etc to go out, leave. Ineo, etc to go into, enter. intereo, j fc to^h. pereo, \ * dbeo, etc to meet {death), to die. rfedeo, etc to return. transeo, etc to cross over. mlgro, avi, atum, 1 to migrate. ago, egi, actum, 3, to act. conscendo, di sum, 3 to mount, to embark. pello, pfipuli, pulsum, 3 to drive. cognosco, ovi, Itum, 3 to ascer- tain, perceive. animus, i, m. ... mind, souL invftu8 unwilling. Rhddanus Rhone. Latin Exercise Book. 87 INDEX OF LATIN WORDS. * * * The figures refer to the Vocabularies, A. abeo 70 abjicio 67 acer 22 acies 17 acriter 53 acutus 6 adeo 70 admiror 64 adventus ... 55 aeger 7 aer 31 aestas 23 aeternus 26 affero 69 ager 2 agnus 54 ago 70 agricola 30 ala 6 albus 6 Alexander ... 52 aliquis 49 alius 67 Alpes 57 altus 6 ambulo 32 amicus 2 amor 45 animus 70 annus 21 anser 10 antequam ... 58 aper 2 aperio 4 apis 11 appello 52 aqua 21 aquila 1 arbor 16 arcus 15 argentum ... 4 arma 58 armo 53 aro 30 asinus 21 aspernor 64 attentus 26 auctumnus... 23 audax 19 audio 43 auditus 16 auris 45 aurum 4 aut 23 avis 11 B. barbarus 39 beate 41 beatus 41 bellum 4 beneficium... 65 benignus 10 brevis 18 Britannia ... 29 Britannus ... 57 C. caecus 56 Caesar 10 canis 10 canto 30 capio 67 captivus 43 caput 13 carmen 30 carus 6 castra 32 caveo 36 cedo 69 celer 22 OwXO •••••••••••• OX certe 64 certus 13 Christianus.. 65 cibus 21 cingo 38 cito 55 civis 11 civitas 53 clades 11 clarus 12 classis 52 claudo 38 coelum 33 coerceo 35 cognosco 70 cohortor 64 color ,.. 9 columba 7 comes 9 comitor 64 committo ... 40 concilio 52 confero 69 conjicio 67 conor 65 conscendo ... 70 conservo 32 construo 57 consul 32 consulo 65 copiae 38 cornu 16 corona 1 corpus 13 corrigo 40 eras 54 creo 52 crimen 69 culter 5 cur 68 euro 44 curro 68 cursus 68 D. debeo 35 debilis 33 defendo . . 38 88 The Beginner's deleo 37 destruo 57 desum 63 Deus 3 dico 38 dictator 53 dies 17 difficilis 18 digitus 21 diligens 21 diligenter ... 45 diligentia ... 5 discipulus ... 3 disco 40 displiceo 37 dissimilis ... 22 diu 35 dives 23 do 32 doceo 36 domo 32 domus 15 donum 4 dormio 43 dubito 55 dubius 55 duco 38 dulcis 18 dum 39 dux 19 E. edo 40 egredior 67 elephantus ... 19 emo 45 epistola 5 equitatus ... 15 equus 2 erudio 44 et 2 exeo 70 exemplum ... 66 exerceo 35 exercitus ... 15 expugno 52 extremus ... 57 F. fabula 33 facies 17 facile 45 facilis 18 facio 67 felicitas 69 felix 19 femina 1 fere 53 fero 69 ferrum 4 fidelis 19 fides 17 filia 1 filius 2 finio 43 finis 10 flavu8 6 fleo 37 iioreo 35 flos 9 fluctus 15 flumen 13 fortis 18 fortiter 26 fortuna 24 frango 56 frater 9 frigus 57 fructus 16 frumentum... 69 fruor 66 fugio 67 fugo 31 fungor 66 furor 18 G. Gallia 45 Gallus 45 genu 16 Germanus ... 45 gladius 5 gloria 3 gracilis 22 gradus 15 gratus. gravis . 10 18 H. habeo 35 Hannibal ... 39 hasta 5 heri 24 hiems 23 Hispania ... 39 hodie 24 homo 10 hortor 64 hortus 2 hostis 11 huinilis 22 I. ibi ignavus ignis ...; imago mmortalis... impedio ...... impetus ...... impono improbus ... in cert us neo; infamis . infidelis . nfelix.... ingens.... "njuria . nquit .. . instruo . insula .... ntereo . interficio. intersum. intro .... nvado . Italia .. . iter iterum 36 58 10 12 18 44 35 40 33 13 70 69 38 19 19 65 45 38 5 70 67 68 31 56 5 13 53 J. jaceo 36 jacio 67 jam 43 jubeo 37 jucundus ... 33 judex 9 judico 33 jungo 38 Juno 9 Justus 26 juvenis 10 L. laboro ;;. 32 lacus 15 laetus ......... 24 lapis 10 latus 6 laudo 30 lauB 23 legatus ...... 39 legio 12 lego; 39 leo 9 lepus 66 levis 18 lex 12 liber {adj.)... 22 liber (subst.) 3 liberi 33 libero 31 lingua 35 litus 58 lon'gus 6 loquor 66 luna 17 lupus 54 luscinia 30 lux .:. 11 M. magnus 6 mains 6 Latin Exercise Book. 89 maneo 57 Manlius 56 manus 15 mare 13 mater 11 maxime 54 mediu8 57 mel 13 memor 25 mens 45 meDsis 21 mentior 66 mereo 35 mereor 65 metallum ... 4 mioro 70 miles 9 minister 3 mirabilis 19 miror 64 minis 13 miser 7 misereor 65 mitto 39 moenia 58 molestus 13 moneo 35 monstro 30 mores 33 morior 67 moror 64 mors 11 mortalis 18 mortuus 44 mos... 9 moveo 55 mox 43 multus 6 munio 43 mums 2 muto 33 N. narro 52 nascor 66 nasus 2 nato 31 natura 45 nauta 12 navis 12 nemo 55 nescio 45 nidus 57 nicer 7 nihil 23 nisi 32 nix 11 nobilis 66 noceo 37 nomen 13 non 10 novus 29 nox 17 noxius.. 17 nullus 45 numeras 7 nnnquam ... 41 nnntius 66 nutrio 58 O. obeo 70 obliviscor ... 65 obses 10 obsnm... <<.... 68 occido 38 occisus 58 occiipo i 64 oculus 2 odor 9 olim 54 omnino 54 omnis « IS onus 58 oppidum 56 oppugno 52 opto 31 opus 13 orno 31 oro 32 os (oris) 22 os (ossis) 22 ostento 31 ovis 11 P. pallium 38 panis 57 parco 68 parens 26 pareo 37 paro 30 pars 57 parvus 6 pasco 41 pastor 36 pater 9 patienter ... 69 patior 67 patria 26 pauper 24 pavo 9 pax 12 pecco 37 peditatus .. 15 pellis 58 pello 70 penna 1 periculum ... 54 pereo 70 pernicies 17 rersa 54 perturbo 69 pes 10 peto i 39 pictor 25 piger 43 pingo 38 pirum .*....... ]6 pints 16 piscis 31 placeoi 37 planities 17 plumbum .i« 4 pluyia.i 31 poena 69 poeta .. 1 polliceor 65 pono 40 populor 64 populus 22 porta 1 porto 30 portus 15 posco 39 potens 19 potior 66 praebeo 35 praemium ... 18 praesum 68 precor 64 priusqam ... 58 proelior 64 proelium 39 proficiscor ... 66 prberedior ... 67 proles 65 propono 40 prosum 68 prudens 19 prudentia ... 69 prunum 16 prunus 16 puella 1 pugno 30 pulcher 7 punio 43 Fyrrhus 40 Q. quam 21 quercus 16 quia 35 quidam 56 quin 55 quum 31 R. rabiduB 10 rapio 67 redeo 70 refero 69 regina 1 regnum 4 rego 38 regredior ... 67 reminiscor ... 65 res 17 reus 54 90 The Beginner's Latin Exercise Book. rex 9 Rhenus 45 Rhodanus ... 70 risus 16 Roma 1 Romanus ... 23 rosa 1 ruber 7 S. sacer 7 sacerdos 58 saepe 33 sagitta 52 salus 65 sanguis 10 samtas 45 sapiens 37 sapientia ... 23 scio 45 scribo 38 scutum 4 sed 45 semper 41 senatus 15 senectii8 69 sensus 16 sepelio 43 sequor 66 servo 32 servus 2 severus 15 si 32 Sicilia 29 silva 31 similis 22 simplex 21 Socrates 29 sol 17 somnus 12 sonitus 15 Bonus 15 soror 12 spero 31 spes 17 spina 1 splendidus... 6 statim 37 stella 29 sto 32 strenue 53 struo 38 stultus 37 subito 57 subsum 68 summus 57 supero 64 supersum ... 68 T. tabula 38 taurus 5 tegQ..... do telum 67 tempestas ... 12 templum ... 4 tempus 13 teneo 36 tener 7 terra 30 terreo 35 timeo 35 timidus 11 totus 55 transeo 70 tristis 18 tueor 65 turris 11 U. ubi 58 urbs 11 ut 32 utilis 18 utor 66 uxor 65 V. validus 9 taceo 37 varius 9 tarn 53 vasto 30 tantus 55 velox ... 19 veneror 64 venor 64 ventus 56 ver 22 vereor 65 verum 66 verus 7 vescor 66 vestio 58 vestis 58 vetus 23 victima 52 victor 56 victoria 45 victus 68 video 36 videor 66 vigilo 32 vincio 43 vinco 43 vinum 5 vir 41 virgo 11 viridis 29 virtus 41 visus 16 vita 3 vito 33 volo 31 vox 64 vulnero 52 vulnus 13 vulpeB 11 vultus 15 (^Durational ©Borfcs Scenes from Greek Plays. 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